International guidelines describe effective measures for the prevention and control of the Ebola virus. But we need more practical information on how to implement these measures, including potential therapies and a safe vaccine, in non-Western settings (Nature 513, 13–14; 2014).

Culturally tailored procedures must be detailed in international public-health protocols, drawing on the expertise of medical anthropologists. Such measures will also help to overcome mistrust of authorities and field workers among affected populations.

The current Ebola outbreak will not be controlled without the local population's understanding and cooperation.