Donors of specimens to biobanks are entitled to respect for their privacy and protection from discrimination (Nature 469, 156–157 2011; Nature 470, 169–70 2011; Nature 471, 159–160; 2011). So long as the identity of a donor is on record, such protection cannot be guaranteed. A new system uses a biological PIN code to get around this problem. By keeping biological specimens and data anonymous, the 'Bio-PIN' also encourages donors by offering superior protection (J. J. Nietfeld et al. Nature Rev. Cancer 11, 303–308; 2011).

Unique to each donor, the Bio-PIN is based on one of their biological characteristics, such as a DNA fingerprint. It means that genetic or other data lodged in a biobank cannot be misused and that privacy is fully protected. As in financial banking, it allows two-way communication between bank and donor.