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Nature 461, 43-44 (3 September 2009) | doi:10.1038/461043a; Published online 2 September 2009

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Astrophysics: Hidden chaos in cosmic order

Nickolay Y. Gnedin1

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"Galaxies, like elephants, have long memories," says an influential article from the 1980s. Tapping into these memories has revealed some surprising facts about the history of our neighbouring Andromeda galaxy.

In popular literature and undergraduate textbooks, galaxies are often called the building blocks of the Universe. That implies that galaxies are complete, indivisible, monolithic blocks that make up all other cosmic structures.

  1. Nickolay Y. Gnedin is in the Theoretical Astrophysics Group at Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA.
    Email: gnedin@fnal.gov