Table of contents
Volume 458 Number 7238 pp549-668
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Editorials
Time for a concerted nuclear approach p549
Nuclear non-proliferation's moment has come. Scientists must help governments to seize a historic opportunity to avoid future apocalypses.
doi:10.1038/458549a
Clicking on a new chapter p549
The e-textbook is only one part of a bigger revolution in online learning.
doi:10.1038/458549b
A bill against rights p550
Italy's Senate has approved a bill that ignores patients' wishes and the country's own constitution.
doi:10.1038/458550a
Research Highlights
Behavioural science: School soundings p552
doi:10.1038/458552a
Mitochondrial genomics: Bloody anomaly p552
doi:10.1038/458552b
Mechanochemistry: Tug of war p552
doi:10.1038/458552c
Tribology: Brushing problems aside p552
doi:10.1038/458552d
Astronomy: Slow revolution p552
doi:10.1038/458552e
Marine biology: Deep-sea Methuselahs p553
doi:10.1038/458553a
Chemistry: Chemical scissors p553
doi:10.1038/458553b
Climate change: Much travelled dust p553
doi:10.1038/458553c
Ecology: Saving songbirds p553
doi:10.1038/458553d
News
Viral outbreak in China tests government efforts p554
Researchers call for greater focus on surveillance and genomics.
Jane Qiu
doi:10.1038/458554a
Australian cap-and-trade plan comes under fire p554
Plans to curb greenhouse-gas emissions face political opposition.
Roberta Kwok
doi:10.1038/458554b
Congress probes NIH stimulus funds p556
Scrutiny also aimed at National Children's Study
Meredith Wadman
doi:10.1038/458556a
Sonar mapping ventures into uncharted waters p557
Initiative aims to recruit range of vessels to locate seamounts.
Rex Dalton
doi:10.1038/458557a
Research review boards dogged by criticism p557
US oversight of clinical trials found wanting.
Heidi Ledford
doi:10.1038/458557b
Fungus farmers show way to new drugs p558
Ant colonies could be key to advances in biofuels and antibiotics.
Erika Check Hayden
doi:10.1038/458561a
Dismissed researcher wins court battle p558
German immunologist set to regain his job.
Alison Abbott
doi:10.1038/458558b
Quark statistics shed light on Universe's symmetry p559
CP violation comes into focus.
Philip Ball
doi:10.1038/458559a
Retracted paper rattles Korean science p561
Authors disagree over work aimed at gene therapy for diabetes.
David Cyranoski
doi:10.1038/458561b
Climate experts urge G20 to make stimulus green p562
doi:10.1038/458562a
Geometric work secures top maths prize p562
doi:10.1038/458562b
Drug patent pools start to take shape p562
doi:10.1038/458562c
Gates supports Chinese tuberculosis drive p562
doi:10.1038/458562d
Fossils protected in US land legislation p562
doi:10.1038/458562e
Grazing limits effects of ocean fertilization p562
doi:10.1038/458562f
Correction p562
doi:10.1038/458562g
Column
Party of OneMean what you say p563
Promises about job creation in the US stimulus bill may be coming home to roost, says David Goldston
David Goldston
doi:10.1038/458563a
News Features
Neuroscience: One hundred years of Rita p564
From a home lab to the Italian Senate, by way of nerve growth factor — Rita Levi-Montalcini is a scientist like no other. Alison Abbott meets the first Nobel prizewinner set to reach her hundredth birthday.
doi:10.1038/458564a
Technology: The textbook of the future p568
Undergraduate textbooks are going digital. Declan Butler asks how this will shake up student reading habits and the multi-billion-dollar print textbook market.
doi:10.1038/458568a
Correspondence
Austria should invest in brains, not in bricks, banks or airlines p571
Michael Freissmuth & Sigismund Huck
doi:10.1038/458571a
Evolution and intelligent design in Hong Kong p571
Jerome H. L. Hui
doi:10.1038/458571b
Scientists must stand up and be counted p571
Dave Bienus
doi:10.1038/458571c
Animal-health facility in Germany leads the way for Europe p571
Thomas C. Mettenleiter
doi:10.1038/458571d
Essay
All the President's scholarly men p572
Barack Obama's choice of science advisers is cause for celebration. Yet history shows that an impressive academic record doesn't guarantee good, impartial advice, cautions Robert Dallek.
Robert Dallek
doi:10.1038/458572a
Books and Arts
Keeping up with the nuclear neighbours p574
Since acquiring atomic weapons, India, Pakistan and North Korea have not engaged in major warfare. But nuclear deterrence alone does not buy peace — diplomacy must keep the balance, says George Perkovich.
George Perkovich
doi:10.1038/458574a
Pugwash, nukes and peace p575
Andrew Robinson reviews The Strangest Dream and Joseph Rotblat: A Man of Conscience in the Nuclear Age by Martin Underwood and Professor Pugwash, The Man Who Fought Nukes: The Life of Sir Joseph Rotblat by Kit Hill
doi:10.1038/458575a
Q&A: The art of transmutation p577
James Acord is the only sculptor licensed to work with radioactive materials. Formally trained in nuclear physics, he tells Nature why he thinks contaminated nuclear sites should be marked for future generations and explains his obsession with the nuclear age.
James Acord
doi:10.1038/458577a
News and Views
Ecology: Gini in the bottle p579
An elaborate microcosm study has a message for the wider world: declining distributional equity among species, where the rare become rarer, and the dominant become more dominant, can put ecosystems at risk.
Shahid Naeem
doi:10.1038/458579a
See also: Editor's summary
Solid-state physics: Spin's lifetime extended p580
Electrons in semiconductors are subject to forces that make their spins flip. According to new evidence, if an ensemble of spins curls into a helix, the collective spin lifetime can be greatly enhanced.
Jaroslav Fabian
doi:10.1038/458580a
See also: Editor's summary
DNA repair: New tales of an old tail p581
Modifications of DNA-associated histone proteins maintain genome integrity. On damage to DNA, phosphorylation of histone H2A.X determines whether repair is justified or if the damaged cell must die.
Jiri Lukas & Jiri Bartek
doi:10.1038/458581a
See also: Editor's summary
Environmental science: Clean coal and sparkling water p583
Subsurface storage of carbon dioxide is a major option for mitigating climate change. On one account, much of the gas sequestered in this way would end up as carbonic acid in the pore waters of the host rock.
Werner Aeschbach-Hertig
doi:10.1038/458583a
See also: Editor's summary
50 & 100 years ago p583
doi:10.1038/458583b
HIV: Immune memory downloaded p584
An impressive system for retrieving large numbers of antibodies from memory B cells has been developed. It has been put into practice in an investigation of immune responses to the human immunodeficiency virus.
Dennis R. Burton & Pascal Poignard
doi:10.1038/458584a
See also: Editor's summary
Neuroscience: AMPA receptors get 'pickled' p585
In mediating fast synaptic communication in the brain, AMPA receptors require TARP auxiliary proteins. It seems that another distinct class of proteins also bind to AMPA receptors and regulate their function.
Alexander C. Jackson & Roger A. Nicoll
doi:10.1038/458585a
News and Views Q&A
Cosmology: Dark matter and dark energy p587
Observations continue to indicate that the Universe is dominated by invisible components — dark matter and dark energy. Shedding light on this cosmic darkness is a priority for astronomers and physicists.
Robert Caldwell & Marc Kamionkowski
doi:10.1038/458587a
Brief Communications Arising
Is there an association between NPY and neuroticism? pE6
Colleen H. Cotton, Jonathan Flint & Thomas G. Campbell
doi:10.1038/nature07927
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (146K)
Zhou et al. reply pE7
Zhifeng Zhou, Guanshan Zhu, Ahmad R. Hariri, Mary-Anne Enoch, David Scott, Rajita Sinha, Matti Virkkunen, Deborah C. Mash, Robert H. Lipsky, Xian-Zhang Hu, Colin A. Hodgkinson, Ke Xu, Beata Buzas, Qiaoping Yuan, Pei-Hong Shen, Robert E. Ferrell, Stephen B. Manuck, Sarah M. Brown, Richard L. Hauger, Christian S. Stohler, Jon-Kar Zubieta & David Goldman
doi:10.1038/nature07928
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (147K)
Articles
Tyrosine dephosphorylation of H2AX modulates apoptosis and survival decisions p591
Peter J. Cook, Bong Gun Ju, Francesca Telese, Xiangting Wang, Christopher K. Glass & Michael G. Rosenfeld
doi:10.1038/nature07849
Abstract | Full Text | PDF (2,056K) | Supplementary information
See also: Editor's summary | News and Views by Lukas & Bartek
Structure of the connexin 26 gap junction channel at 3.5 Å resolution p597
Shoji Maeda, So Nakagawa, Michihiro Suga, Eiki Yamashita, Atsunori Oshima, Yoshinori Fujiyoshi & Tomitake Tsukihara
doi:10.1038/nature07869
PDB code
3D view
Abstract | Full Text | PDF (1,237K) | Supplementary information
See also: Editor's summary
Letters
Early assembly of the most massive galaxies p603
Chris A. Collins, John P. Stott, Matt Hilton, Scott T. Kay, S. Adam Stanford, Michael Davidson, Mark Hosmer, Ben Hoyle, Andrew Liddle, Ed Lloyd-Davies, Robert G. Mann, Nicola Mehrtens, Christopher J. Miller, Robert C. Nichol, A. Kathy Romer, Martin Sahlén, Pedro T. P. Viana & Michael J. West
doi:10.1038/nature07865
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (398K) | Supplementary information
See also: Editor's summary
An anomalous positron abundance in cosmic rays with energies 1.5–100 GeV p607
O. Adriani, G. C. Barbarino, G. A. Bazilevskaya, R. Bellotti, M. Boezio, E. A. Bogomolov, L. Bonechi, M. Bongi, V. Bonvicini, S. Bottai, A. Bruno, F. Cafagna, D. Campana, P. Carlson, M. Casolino, G. Castellini, M. P. De Pascale, G. De Rosa, N. De Simone, V. Di Felice, A. M. Galper, L. Grishantseva, P. Hofverberg, S. V. Koldashov, S. Y. Krutkov, A. N. Kvashnin, A. Leonov, V. Malvezzi, L. Marcelli, W. Menn, V. V. Mikhailov, E. Mocchiutti, S. Orsi, G. Osteria, P. Papini, M. Pearce, P. Picozza, M. Ricci, S. B. Ricciarini, M. Simon, R. Sparvoli, P. Spillantini, Y. I. Stozhkov, A. Vacchi, E. Vannuccini, G. Vasilyev, S. A. Voronov, Y. T. Yurkin, G. Zampa, N. Zampa & V. G. Zverev
doi:10.1038/nature07942
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (464K) | Supplementary information
See also: Editor's summary
Emergence of the persistent spin helix in semiconductor quantum wells p610
J. D. Koralek, C. P. Weber, J. Orenstein, B. A. Bernevig, Shou-Cheng Zhang, S. Mack & D. D. Awschalom
doi:10.1038/nature07871
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (456K) | Supplementary information
See also: Editor's summary | News and Views by Fabian
Solubility trapping in formation water as dominant CO2 sink in natural gas fields p614
Stuart M. V. Gilfillan, Barbara Sherwood Lollar, Greg Holland, Dave Blagburn, Scott Stevens, Martin Schoell, Martin Cassidy, Zhenju Ding, Zheng Zhou, Georges Lacrampe-Couloume & Chris J. Ballentine
doi:10.1038/nature07852
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (342K) | Supplementary information
See also: Editor's summary | News and Views by Aeschbach-Hertig
Petrological evidence for secular cooling in mantle plumes p619
Claude Herzberg & Esteban Gazel
doi:10.1038/nature07857
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (301K) | Supplementary information
See also: Editor's summary
Initial community evenness favours functionality under selective stress p623
Lieven Wittebolle, Massimo Marzorati, Lieven Clement, Annalisa Balloi, Daniele Daffonchio, Kim Heylen, Paul De Vos, Willy Verstraete & Nico Boon
doi:10.1038/nature07840
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (299K) | Supplementary information
See also: Editor's summary | News and Views by Naeem
A micro-architecture for binocular disparity and ocular dominance in visual cortex p627
Prakash Kara & Jamie D. Boyd
doi:10.1038/nature07721
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (699K) | Supplementary information
See also: Editor's summary
Decoding reveals the contents of visual working memory in early visual areas p632
Stephenie A. Harrison & Frank Tong
doi:10.1038/nature07832
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (301K) | Supplementary information
See also: Editor's summary
Broad diversity of neutralizing antibodies isolated from memory B cells in HIV-infected individuals p636
Johannes F. Scheid, Hugo Mouquet, Niklas Feldhahn, Michael S. Seaman, Klara Velinzon, John Pietzsch, Rene G. Ott, Robert M. Anthony, Henry Zebroski, Arlene Hurley, Adhuna Phogat, Bimal Chakrabarti, Yuxing Li, Mark Connors, Florencia Pereyra, Bruce D. Walker, Hedda Wardemann, David Ho, Richard T. Wyatt, John R. Mascola, Jeffrey V. Ravetch & Michel C. Nussenzweig
doi:10.1038/nature07930
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (522K) | Supplementary information
See also: Editor's summary | News and Views by Burton & Poignard
Adaptation of HIV-1 to human leukocyte antigen class I p641
Yuka Kawashima, Katja Pfafferott, John Frater, Philippa Matthews, Rebecca Payne, Marylyn Addo, Hiroyuki Gatanaga, Mamoru Fujiwara, Atsuko Hachiya, Hirokazu Koizumi, Nozomi Kuse, Shinichi Oka, Anna Duda, Andrew Prendergast, Hayley Crawford, Alasdair Leslie, Zabrina Brumme, Chanson Brumme, Todd Allen, Christian Brander, Richard Kaslow, James Tang, Eric Hunter, Susan Allen, Joseph Mulenga, Songee Branch, Tim Roach, Mina John, Simon Mallal, Anthony Ogwu, Roger Shapiro, Julia G. Prado, Sarah Fidler, Jonathan Weber, Oliver G. Pybus, Paul Klenerman, Thumbi Ndung'u, Rodney Phillips, David Heckerman, P. Richard Harrigan, Bruce D. Walker, Masafumi Takiguchi & Philip Goulder
doi:10.1038/nature07746
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (412K) | Supplementary information
See also: Editor's summary
An unexpected twist in viral capsid maturation p646
Ilya Gertsman, Lu Gan, Miklos Guttman, Kelly Lee, Jeffrey A. Speir, Robert L. Duda, Roger W. Hendrix, Elizabeth A. Komives & John E. Johnson
doi:10.1038/nature07686
PDB code
3D view
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (753K) | Supplementary information
See also: Editor's summary
FGF signalling during embryo development regulates cilia length in diverse epithelia p651
Judith M. Neugebauer, Jeffrey D. Amack, Annita G. Peterson, Brent W. Bisgrove & H. Joseph Yost
doi:10.1038/nature07753
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (623K) | Supplementary information
See also: Editor's summary
Clustering of InsP3 receptors by InsP3 retunes their regulation by InsP3 and Ca2+ p655
Taufiq-Ur-Rahman, Alexander Skupin, Martin Falcke & Colin W. Taylor
doi:10.1038/nature07763
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (815K) | Supplementary information
See also: Editor's summary
Retraction
Remission in models of type 1 diabetes by gene therapy using a single-chain insulin analogue p660
Hyun Chul Lee, Su-Jin Kim, Kyung-Sup Kim, Hang-Cheol Shin & Ji-Won Yoon
doi:10.1038/nature07964
Naturejobs
NewsForensic evidence p663
Report calls on forensic scientists to increase credibility
Virginia Gewin
doi:10.1038/nj7238-663a
Postdoc journal
Job juggling p663
When can I pursue my own research and leave part-time work behind?
Joanne Isaac
doi:10.1038/nj7238-663b
In Brief
Drug firms cut back p663
doi:10.1038/nj7238-663c
Syngene centre opens p663
doi:10.1038/nj7238-663d
Special Report
Lab hazard p664
Getting results from experiments can be difficult, especially if the materials you work with decide to fight back. Amber Dance investigates some of the unappreciated risks of being at the bench.
Amber Dance
doi:10.1038/nj7238-664a
