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Nature 457, 39-40 (1 January 2009) | doi:10.1038/457039a; Published online 31 December 2008

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Game theory: How to treat those of ill repute

Bettina Rockenbach1 & Manfred Milinski2

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A much-needed theoretical analysis deals with whether the principle known as 'costly punishment' helps to maintain cooperation in human society. It will prompt a fresh wave of experiments and theory.

Human societies are built on cooperation, especially on reciprocation1— I help you and you help me, or I help you and someone else helps me. In the first case, help is directly reciprocated by help.

  1. Bettina Rockenbach is in the Department of Economics, University of Erfurt, Nordhäuser Stras zlige 63, D-99089 Erfurt, Germany.
    Email: bettina.rockenbach@uni-erfurt.de
  2. Manfred Milinski is in the Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, August-Thienemann-Stras zlige 2, D-24306 Plön, Germany.
    Email: milinski@evolbio.mpg.de

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