FIGURE 1. Metastatic carcinomas secrete factors that induce macrophage production of TNF-
, needed for lung metastasis.
From the following article:
Carcinoma-produced factors activate myeloid cells through TLR2 to stimulate metastasis
Sunhwa Kim, Hiroyuki Takahashi, Wan-Wan Lin, Pascal Descargues, Sergei Grivennikov, Youngjun Kim, Jun-Li Luo & Michael Karin
Nature 457, 102-106(1 January 2009)
doi:10.1038/nature07623
a, BMDM were cultured with SFM or SFM conditioned by mouse carcinoma cells (conditioned medium), and cytokine production was measured (averages 
s.d., n = 3). b, BMDM were cultured with SFM or LCM, and cytokine mRNAs were measured by quantitative PCR with reverse transcription. Fold-induction above SFM-treated cells was determined (averages s.d., n = 3; *, P < 0.001 by Student's t test). c, Survival of WT (n = 22) and Tnf
-/- (n = 15) mice inoculated with LLC (1 
106 cells through the tail vein (P < 0.001; log-rank test for significance). d, Lungs of WT and Tnf-/- mice 47 days after LLC inoculation (2 105 cells). Tumour multiplicities are shown underneath (averages s.d., n = 11, P < 0.001 by Student's t-test).
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