An innovative cooling device chills a brain circuit and slows birdsong.
doi:10.1038/7219xiiia
Table of contents
Volume 456 Number 7219 pp141-280
(this content only available online) indicates content that is available online only
Making the paper: Michale Fee pxiii
Abstractions pxiii
doi:10.1038/7219xiiib
From the blogosphere pxiii
doi:10.1038/7219xiiic
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Editorials
Danger and opportunity p141
Situations vacant p142
Science by litigation p142
米国のバイオ企業が研究者の論文について名誉毀損で訴えているが、このような事例で科学者が萎縮するようなことは、あってはならない。
doi:10.1038/456142b
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Research Highlights
Molecular biology: Clones of the dead p144
doi:10.1038/456144a
Astronomy: Star birth p144
doi:10.1038/456144b
Meteorology: Prediction with plants p144
doi:10.1038/456144c
Animal behaviour: Got the scent p144
doi:10.1038/456144d
Molecular biology: Micro-conspirator p144
doi:10.1038/456144e
Chemical biology: Clotting by quorum p145
doi:10.1038/456145a
Quantum physics: Entangled accuracy p145
doi:10.1038/456145b
Molecular biology: Chewing the fat p145
doi:10.1038/456145c
Geosciences: Submarine slippage p145
doi:10.1038/456145d
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News
Climate first for Obama transition team p146
Appointments to key energy positions should reveal the new president's priorities.
Alexandra Witze
doi:10.1038/456146a
Modified genes spread to local maize p149
Findings reignite debate over genetically modified crops.
Rex Dalton
doi:10.1038/456149a
China asks world to step up on climate p151
Beijing conference tackles how to help developing countries.
Jane Qiu
doi:10.1038/456151a
WHO congress backs traditional medicine p152
doi:10.1038/456152a
Proposed reform to animal testing rules draws fire p152
doi:10.1038/456152b
Contaminants identified in plastic lab equipment p152
doi:10.1038/456152c
Marine census nets wealth of unknown ocean life p153
doi:10.1038/456153a
Research agency focuses on first-time applicants p153
doi:10.1038/456153b
Billion-dollar bid for stem-cell treatments p153
doi:10.1038/456153c
Science in the meltdown p155
The research enterprise faces many uncertainties in the looming global recession — but it also has many strengths that may help it weather the storm. Nature investigates.
M. Mitchell Waldrop
doi:10.1038/456155a
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News Feature
Neuroscience: The plaque plan p161
Neuroscientists are pretty sure they know what causes Alzheimer's disease, but their theory has not yet given rise to effective drugs. Alison Abbott asks what's wrong.
Alison Abbott
doi:10.1038/456161a
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Correspondence
Italy: 'draconian' new law galvanizes demonstrations p166
Italy: restoring axed funds is not enough to cure all ills p166
Peer-reviewed parrot studies speak for themselves, as he did p166
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Commentary
The innovative brain p168
'Hot' decision-making, involving the evaluation of reward and punishment, is essential to the entrepreneurial process and may be possible to teach, argue Barbara Sahakian and her coauthors.
Andrew Lawrence, Luke Clark, Jamie Nicole Labuzetta, Barbara Sahakian & Shai Vyakarnum
doi:10.1038/456168a
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Books and Arts
Meditating on consciousness p170
Two books exploring the relationship between Buddhism and science reveal surprising synergies — and hint that insights into the brain may come from studying the religion's practices, finds Michael Bond.
doi:10.1038/456170a
Seeing is behaving p171
doi:10.1038/456171a
Change begins at home p172
doi:10.1038/456172a
The two cultures of Wall Street p173
doi:10.1038/456173a
Mapping the cerebral globe p174
A detailed sketch by architect Christopher Wren reveals his surprising contribution to neuroscience, explain Martin Kemp and Nathan Flis.
Martin Kemp & Nathan Flis
doi:10.1038/456174a
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Essay
Why do intelligent people live longer? p175
We must discover why cognitive differences are related to morbidity and mortality, argues Ian Deary, in order to help tackle health inequalities.
Ian Deary
doi:10.1038/456175a
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News and Views
神経科学: 光は神経系の形成に影響する
Neuroscience: Light moulds plastic brains p177
In tadpoles, the number of neurons expressing the neurotransmitter dopamine increases on exposure to light. Such plasticity might allow animals to match their brains' response to environmental stimuli.
Stefan Thor
doi:10.1038/456177a
分析化学: CDプレーヤーを使っておうちで診断
Analytical chemistry: Home diagnostics to music p178
Fed up with sitting in the doctor's surgery among all those sneezy patients, waiting for the results of a health check? With the latest technology, you could one day perform bioassays on your home compact-disc player.
Jeffrey S. Erickson & Frances S. Ligler
doi:10.1038/456178a
海洋生物学: 珪藻のゲノム解読
Marine biology: Genes in the glass house p179
Sequence data on a second species of diatom provide abundant insights into the evolution and metabolic capabilities of this group, as well as into mechanisms of gene acquisition and diversification.
Ronald P. Kiene
doi:10.1038/456179a
日本語要約 | Full Text | PDF (840K)
量子物理学: 単一スピンの速やかな制御
Quantum physics: Swift control of a single spin p182
For now, quantum information processing systems remain a dream. Step by step, however, progress towards that goal is being made, with one promising route involving a novel means of manipulating electron spin.
Keiichi Edamatsu
doi:10.1038/456182a
イオンチャネル: 電位センサーのカルテット
Ion channels: The voltage-sensor quartet p183
Decoding the workings of voltage-gated sodium channels is crucial because their mutation leads to severe disease and their activity is modulated by toxins and drugs. An innovative approach now allows such investigations.
J. R. Bankston & R. S. Kass
doi:10.1038/456183a
顕微鏡法: 作用中の触媒を観察する
Microscopy: Watching catalysts at work p185
Solid catalysts speed up many industrial chemical reactions and steer them towards making desired products. A microscopy technique could reveal the changes in composition that catalysts undergo as they perform.
Alexis T. Bell
doi:10.1038/456185a
生化学: 柔軟なペプチド組み立て
Biochemistry: Flexible peptide assembly p186
A jack of all trades is a master of none, as the saying goes. But a protein has been discovered that shuns specialism, and that multitasks to give flexibility to its biosynthetic repertoire.
Jan C. M. van Hest
doi:10.1038/456186a
神経科学: クールな歌
Neuroscience: Cool songs p187
Cooling a specific cluster of neurons in songbirds' brains slows song tempo without changing other acoustic features. This clever technique could be used for understanding neural control of other complex behaviours.
Chris M. Glaze & Todd Troyer
doi:10.1038/456187a
日本語要約 | Full Text | PDF (689K)
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Brief Communications Arising
The origin of hydrogen around HD 209458b pE1
A. Lecavelier des Etangs, A. Vidal-Madjar & J.-M. Désert
doi:10.1038/nature07402
Holmström et al. reply pE1
M. Holmström, A. Ekenbäck, F. Selsis, T. Penz, H. Lammer & P. Wurz
doi:10.1038/nature07403
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Articles
鳴禽運動経路の時間的動態を温度を使って解析する
Using temperature to analyse temporal dynamics in the songbird motor pathway p189
Michael A. Long & Michale S. Fee
doi:10.1038/nature07448
日本語要約 | Full Text | PDF (1,323K) | Supplementary information
行動を制御するドーパミン作動性ニューロンの分化は光照射によって調節される
Illumination controls differentiation of dopamine neurons regulating behaviour p195
Davide Dulcis & Nicholas C. Spitzer
doi:10.1038/nature07569
日本語要約 | Full Text | PDF (1,155K) | Supplementary information
ナトリウムチャネルの電位センサーの機能と薬理学的性質の解明
Deconstructing voltage sensor function and pharmacology in sodium channels p202
Frank Bosmans, Marie-France Martin-Eauclaire & Kenton J. Swartz
doi:10.1038/nature07473
日本語要約 | Full Text | PDF (14,517K) | Supplementary information
ガイド鎖を含むargonauteサイレンシング複合体の構造
Structure of the guide-strand-containing argonaute silencing complex p209
Yanli Wang, Gang Sheng, Stefan Juranek, Thomas Tuschl & Dinshaw J. Patel
doi:10.1038/nature07315
日本語要約 | Full Text | PDF (1,313K) | Supplementary information
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Loss of the autophagy protein Atg16L1 enhances endotoxin-induced IL-1
Letters
土星の赤外オーロラ内部の複雑な構造
Complex structure within Saturn's infrared aurora p214
Tom Stallard, Steve Miller, Makenzie Lystrup, Nicholas Achilleos, Emma J. Bunce, Christopher S. Arridge, Michele K. Dougherty, Stan W. H. Cowley, Sarah V. Badman, Dean L. Talboys, Robert H. Brown, Kevin H. Baines, Bonnie J. Buratti, Roger N. Clark, Christophe Sotin, Phil D. Nicholson & Pierre Drossart
doi:10.1038/nature07440
超高速光パルスを使った単一量子ドットスピンの完全な量子制御
Complete quantum control of a single quantum dot spin using ultrafast optical pulses p218
David Press, Thaddeus D. Ladd, Bingyang Zhang & Yoshihisa Yamamoto
doi:10.1038/nature07530
日本語要約 | Full Text | PDF (1,235K) | Supplementary information
作用中の触媒の走査型透過X線顕微鏡法によるナノスケール・ケミカルイメージング
Nanoscale chemical imaging of a working catalyst by scanning transmission X-ray microscopy p222
Emiel de Smit, Ingmar Swart, J. Fredrik Creemer, Gerard H. Hoveling, Mary K. Gilles, Tolek Tyliszczak, Patricia J. Kooyman, Henny W. Zandbergen, Cynthia Morin, Bert M. Weckhuysen & Frank M. F. de Groot
doi:10.1038/nature07516
後期更新世の気候変動の過渡的な性質
Transient nature of late Pleistocene climate variability p226
Thomas J. Crowley & William T. Hyde
doi:10.1038/nature07365
日本語要約 | Full Text | PDF (1,107K) | Supplementary information
地球の下部マントルにおける放射伝導率
Radiative conductivity in the Earth's lower mantle p231
Alexander F. Goncharov, Benjamin D. Haugen, Viktor V. Struzhkin, Pierre Beck & Steven D. Jacobsen
doi:10.1038/nature07412
捕食と競争の相互作用
The interaction between predation and competition p235
Peter Chesson & Jessica J. Kuang
doi:10.1038/nature07248
Phaeodactylumのゲノムから明らかになった珪藻ゲノムの進化の歴史
The Phaeodactylum genome reveals the evolutionary history of diatom genomes p239
Chris Bowler, Andrew E. Allen, Jonathan H. Badger, Jane Grimwood, Kamel Jabbari, Alan Kuo, Uma Maheswari, Cindy Martens, Florian Maumus, Robert P. Otillar, Edda Rayko, Asaf Salamov, Klaas Vandepoele, Bank Beszteri, Ansgar Gruber, Marc Heijde, Michael Katinka, Thomas Mock, Klaus Valentin, Fréderic Verret, John A. Berges, Colin Brownlee, Jean-Paul Cadoret, Anthony Chiovitti, Chang Jae Choi, Sacha Coesel, Alessandra De Martino, J. Chris Detter, Colleen Durkin, Angela Falciatore, Jérome Fournet, Miyoshi Haruta, Marie J. J. Huysman, Bethany D. Jenkins, Katerina Jiroutova, Richard E. Jorgensen, Yolaine Joubert, Aaron Kaplan, Nils Kröger, Peter G. Kroth, Julie La Roche, Erica Lindquist, Markus Lommer, Véronique Martin–Jézéquel, Pascal J. Lopez, Susan Lucas, Manuela Mangogna, Karen McGinnis, Linda K. Medlin, Anton Montsant, Marie-Pierre Oudot–Le Secq, Carolyn Napoli, Miroslav Obornik, Micaela Schnitzler Parker, Jean-Louis Petit, Betina M. Porcel, Nicole Poulsen, Matthew Robison, Leszek Rychlewski, Tatiana A. Rynearson, Jeremy Schmutz, Harris Shapiro, Magali Siaut, Michele Stanley, Michael R. Sussman, Alison R. Taylor, Assaf Vardi, Peter von Dassow, Wim Vyverman, Anusuya Willis, Lucjan S. Wyrwicz, Daniel S. Rokhsar, Jean Weissenbach, E. Virginia Armbrust, Beverley R. Green, Yves Van de Peer & Igor V. Grigoriev
doi:10.1038/nature07410
社会的価値の連合学習
Associative learning of social value p245
Timothy E. J. Behrens, Laurence T. Hunt, Mark W. Woolrich & Matthew F. S. Rushworth
doi:10.1038/nature07538
寡能性幹細胞は哺乳類の眼表面全体に分布する
Oligopotent stem cells are distributed throughout the mammalian ocular surface p250
François Majo, Ariane Rochat, Michael Nicolas, Georges Abou Jaoudé & Yann Barrandon
doi:10.1038/nature07406
日本語要約 | Full Text | PDF (1,005K) | Supplementary information
ステレオシリン欠損マウスによって明らかになった蝸牛における波形の歪みの由来
Stereocilin-deficient mice reveal the origin of cochlear waveform distortions p255
Elisabeth Verpy, Dominique Weil, Michel Leibovici, Richard J. Goodyear, Ghislaine Hamard, Carine Houdon, Gaelle M. Lefèvre, Jean-Pierre Hardelin, Guy P. Richardson, Paul Avan & Christine Petit
doi:10.1038/nature07380
日本語要約 | Full Text | PDF (1,853K) | Supplementary information
マウスおよびヒトの腸パネート細胞でオートファジーおよびオートファジー遺伝子Atg16l1が果たす重要な役割
A key role for autophagy and the autophagy gene Atg16l1 in mouse and human intestinal Paneth cells p259
Ken Cadwell, John Y. Liu, Sarah L. Brown, Hiroyuki Miyoshi, Joy Loh, Jochen K. Lennerz, Chieko Kishi, Wumesh Kc, Javier A. Carrero, Steven Hunt, Christian D. Stone, Elizabeth M. Brunt, Ramnik J. Xavier, Barry P. Sleckman, Ellen Li, Noboru Mizushima, Thaddeus S. Stappenbeck & Herbert W. Virgin IV
doi:10.1038/nature07416
日本語要約 | Full Text | PDF (2,106K) | Supplementary information
オートファジー関連因子Atg16L1の欠損はエンドトキシンによって誘導されるIL-1β産生を高める
Loss of the autophagy protein Atg16L1 enhances endotoxin-induced IL-1
production p264
Tatsuya Saitoh, Naonobu Fujita, Myoung Ho Jang, Satoshi Uematsu, Bo-Gie Yang, Takashi Satoh, Hiroko Omori, Takeshi Noda, Naoki Yamamoto, Masaaki Komatsu, Keiji Tanaka, Taro Kawai, Tohru Tsujimura, Osamu Takeuchi, Tamotsu Yoshimori & Shizuo Akira
doi:10.1038/nature07383
飢餓による誘導可能なスイッチがアクチベーター/コアクチベーターの交換を介して糖新生を調節する
A fasting inducible switch modulates gluconeogenesis via activator/coactivator exchange p269
Yi Liu, Renaud Dentin, Danica Chen, Susan Hedrick, Kim Ravnskjaer, Simon Schenk, Jill Milne, David J. Meyers, Phil Cole, John Yates III, Jerrold Olefsky, Leonard Guarente & Marc Montminy
doi:10.1038/nature07349
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Corrigenda
The delayed rise of present-day mammals p274
Olaf R. P. Bininda-Emonds, Marcel Cardillo, Kate E. Jones, Ross D. E. MacPhee, Robin M. D. Beck, Richard Grenyer, Samantha A. Price, Rutger A. Vos, John L. Gittleman & Andy Purvis
doi:10.1038/nature07347
STING is an endoplasmic reticulum adaptor that facilitates innate immune signalling p274
A role for clonal inactivation in T cell tolerance to Mls-1a p274
Marcia A. Blackman, Hans-Gerhard Burgert, David L. Woodland, Ed Palmer, John W. Kappler & Philippa Marrack
doi:10.1038/nature07514
Structural basis for specific cleavage of Lys 63-linked polyubiquitin chains p274
Yusuke Sato, Azusa Yoshikawa, Atsushi Yamagata, Hisatoshi Mimura, Masami Yamashita, Kayoko Ookata, Osamu Nureki, Kazuhiro Iwai, Masayuki Komada & Shuya Fukai
doi:10.1038/nature07515
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Addendum
Genes mirror geography within Europe p274
John Novembre, Toby Johnson, Katarzyna Bryc, Zoltán Kutalik, Adam R. Boyko, Adam Auton, Amit Indap, Karen S. King, Sven Bergmann, Matthew R. Nelson, Matthew Stephens & Carlos D. Bustamante
doi:10.1038/nature07566
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Careers and Recruitment
Naturejobs
ProspectProspects p275
Government funds are increasingly scarce. But investing in research could not only generate jobs but help reverse the economic downturn.
Gene Russo
doi:10.1038/nj7219-275a
Careers and Recruitment
Brain work p276
Industry's urge to build on breakthroughs in neurotechnology could be a boon for business-minded scientists, says Virginia Gewin.
Virginia Gewin
doi:10.1038/nj7219-276a
