Supplementary information

Supplementary information

This file contains Supplementary Figures 1-4, Supplementary Methods, Supplementary Table 1, Supplementary Discussion, and Supplementary Notes. The Supplementary Figures show stochastic realisations of the models (Fig. S1), the best model fitted to the Tribolium data (Fig. S2), extensions to the models (Fig. S3) , and measurement error bias (Fig. S4). The Supplementary Methods provide a detailed derivation of the stochastic Ricker models, and equations to equate the total variance for environmental stochasticity and demographic heterogeneity. Supplementary Table 1 provides pmfs for the stochastic Ricker models. The Supplementary Discussion considers extensions to the stochastic Ricker models, the robustness of the model fit, and measurement error bias. The Supplementary Notes include additional references.

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