Editorials

Solutions, not scapegoats p957

Scientific misconduct may be more prevalent than most researchers would like to admit. The solution needs to be wide-ranging yet nuanced.

doi:10.1038/453957a

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Change in the weather p957

A renewed push for scientific research into weather-modification technologies is long overdue.

doi:10.1038/453957b

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Supporting the future p958

... but the European Research Council's success is undermined by practices beyond its control.

doi:10.1038/453958a

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Research Highlights

Optics: Fuzzy figures p960

doi:10.1038/453960a

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Chemical nanotechnology: Close the gate p960

doi:10.1038/453960b

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Molecular biology: Sod it p960

doi:10.1038/453960c

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Animal behaviour: Token symbolism p960

doi:10.1038/453960d

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Astrophysics: Cosmic tiara p960

doi:10.1038/453960e

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Ecology: Dotty diets p960

doi:10.1038/453960f

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Neuroscience: Wide awake p961

doi:10.1038/453961a

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Molecular biology: Shaping up p961

doi:10.1038/453961b

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Environmental monitoring: Arsenic detectives p961

doi:10.1038/453961c

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Molecular biology: Cancer's instigators p961

doi:10.1038/453961d

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Journal Club

Journal club p961

John P. Quinn

doi:10.1038/453961e

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News

Japan ramps up patent effort to keep iPS lead p962

United States in race to commercialize pluripotent stem cells.

David Cyranoski

doi:10.1038/453962a

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Institutes in pharma cash probe p963

Universities under pressure to investigate researchers' industry funding.

Heidi Ledford

doi:10.1038/453963a

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Lab disinfectant harms mouse fertility p964

Two chemicals widely used in cleaning agents for homes, offices and hospitals cause birth defects and fertility problems in mice whose cages have been in contact with them, according to Patricia Hunt at Washington State University in Pullman. The quaternary ammonium compounds ADBAC (n-alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride) and DDAC (didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride) were identified after an exhaustive search for what was causing a massive drop-off in mouse fertility after Hunt moved her research animals to Pullman from Case Western Reserve Medical School in Cleveland, Ohio, in 2005. The chemicals were in the disinfectant Virex used in the facility. It is Hunt's second accidental foray into toxicology. In 2003 she linked a rash of mysterious egg defects in her research animals to bisphenol A, a chemical that began leaching from plastic water bottles after a high-pH floor detergent was mistakenly used to clean them. Hunt, who studies mammalian egg development, announced her latest results at the Society for the Study of Reproduction meeting in Kona, Hawaii, last month.

Brendan Maher

doi:10.1038/453964a

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Snapshot: Out of the ovary p965

doi:10.1038/453965a

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Astronomical wordplay keeps them guessing p965

Planet discovery is embedded in an anagram.

Eric Hand

doi:10.1038/453965b

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Sidelines p966

Scribbles on the margins of science.

doi:10.1038/453966a

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Universal law of coiling p966

Physicists reveal why paper curls the way it does.

Philip Ball

doi:10.1038/453966b

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UK universities in bed with the military p967

Ethics campaigners highlight extent of research funded by defence agencies.

Geoff Brumfiel

doi:10.1038/453967a

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Tierra del Fuego: the beavers must die p968

War is declared on the introduced pests.

Charles Choi

doi:10.1038/453968a

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Virtual butterflies p969

doi:10.1038/453969a

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Massachusetts finally passes life-sciences bill p969

doi:10.1038/453969b

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Anti-AIDS vitamin advertising banned p969

doi:10.1038/453969c

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Researcher suspended for falsifying data p969

doi:10.1038/453969d

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Stem-cell society condemns medical tourism p969

doi:10.1038/453969e

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Lab-equipment giants set to merge p969

doi:10.1038/453969f

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News Features

Meteorology: Taming the sky p970

Is it really possible to stop rain, invoke lightning from the heavens or otherwise manipulate the weather? Jane Qiu and Daniel Cressey report on the once-scorned notion of weather modification.

doi:10.1038/453970a

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Funding: The research revolution p975

As the first grants from the European Research Council begin to come through, Geoff Brumfiel investigates whether the new system is meeting its goals.

doi:10.1038/453975a

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Correspondence

Fewer academics could be the answer to insufficient grants p978

Andrew Doig

doi:10.1038/453978a

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Working together to put molecules on the map p978

Dawn Field

doi:10.1038/453978b

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Decoherence does not get rid of the quantum paradox p978

Nikolaus von Stillfried

doi:10.1038/453978c

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Ventures should not overstate their aims just to secure funding p979

Mike Hulme & Suraje Dessai

doi:10.1038/453979a

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Digital identifiers work for articles, so why not for authors? p979

Raf Aerts

doi:10.1038/453979b

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Europe needs to protect its transgenic crop research p979

Howard J. Atkinson & Peter E. Urwin

doi:10.1038/453979c

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Commentary

Repairing research integrity p980

A survey suggests that many research misconduct incidents in the United States go unreported to the Office of Research Integrity. Sandra L. Titus, James A. Wells and Lawrence J. Rhoades say it's time to change that.

doi:10.1038/453980a

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Books and Arts

Quantum weirdness and surrealism p983

A joint exploration of early modern physics and the surreal art movement shows these twentieth-century revolutions had more in common than we thought, explains Philip Ball.

Philip Ball reviews Surrealism, Art and Modern Science by Gavin Parkinson

doi:10.1038/453983a

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Wish you were here? p984

Joseph Cirincione reviews A Nuclear Family Vacation: Travels in the World of Atomic Weaponry by Nathan Hodge & Sharon Weinberger

doi:10.1038/453984a

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Memories revisited p985

Alison Abbott reviews In Search of Memory: The Neuroscientist Eric Kandel

doi:10.1038/453985a

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Building nations after conflict p986

Peter Turchin reviews Fixing Failed States: A Framework for Rebuilding a Fractured World by Ashraf Ghani & Clare Lockhart

doi:10.1038/453986a

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Winning Darwin design takes root p986

Colin Martin

doi:10.1038/453986b

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Q&A: Insight into Einstein p987

Actor Alan Alda, who starred in the television series M^*A^*S^*H and now hosts Scientific American Frontiers on US network PBS, is fascinated with physics. At last month's World Science Festival in New York he led a panel discussing the quantum world, portrayed Richard Feynman in the play QED, and presented Dear Albert, his new play drawn from Albert Einstein's letters.

Jascha Hoffman

doi:10.1038/453987a

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Essays

Playing by numbers p988

Statistical analysis can inform the history of music, classification technologies, and our understanding of the act of composition itself, argues Damián Zanette.

Damián Zanette

doi:10.1038/453988a

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A century of puzzling p990

Believed to be the world's first printed document, the Phaistos Disc was unearthed 100 years ago. Andrew Robinson explains why this remarkable object remains undeciphered.

Andrew Robinson

doi:10.1038/453990a

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News and Views

Medical imaging: Colourful future for MRI p993

Following multiple physiological variables or cell types in vivo requires specific probes. Microfabricated magnetic particles could produce such tuneable contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging.

Richard Bowtell

doi:10.1038/453993a

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Neuroscience: Brain control of a helping hand p994

Paralysed patients would benefit if their thoughts could become everyday actions. The demonstration that monkeys can use brain activity for precise control of an arm-like robot is a step towards that end.

John F. Kalaska

doi:10.1038/nature06366

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Cancer: Deconstructing oncogenesis p995

Transformation of normal cells into cancer cells entails concerted changes in the expression of many genes. Identifying which of those genes are crucial will provide insight into the mechanisms underlying malignancy.

Ji Luo & Stephen J. Elledge

doi:10.1038/453995a

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Organic electronics: On the border p996

At the interface between two compounds, physical properties can emerge that neither material displays on its own. A striking example of such an effect occurs at the border between two organic molecular crystals.

Liesbeth Venema

doi:10.1038/453996a

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50 & 100 Years Ago p997

doi:10.1038/453997a

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Structural biology: Modelling collagen diseases p998

Mutations in collagen lead to hereditary disorders such as brittle-bone disease. Peptide models for aberrant collagens are beginning to clarify how these amino-acid replacements lead to clinical problems.

Barbara Brodsky & Jean Baum

doi:10.1038/453998a

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Evolutionary biology: The amphioxus unleashed p999

The genome sequence of a species of amphioxus, an iconic organism in the history of evolutionary biology, opens up a fresh vista on the comparative investigation of chordates and vertebrates.

Henry Gee

doi:10.1038/453999a

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Superconductivity: Prospecting for an iron age p1000

Different material options for high-temperature superconductivity— conduction of electricity with little or no resistance at 'practical' temperatures — have arrived. Iron compounds are the latest thing.

Paul M. Grant

doi:10.1038/4531000a

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Correction p1001

doi:10.1038/4531001a

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Obituary: Christopher Curtis (1939–2008) p1002

Medical entomologist and a humanitarian campaigner.

Indira Nath

doi:10.1038/4531002a

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Review

Induction and effector functions of T_H17 cells p1051

Estelle Bettelli, Thomas Korn, Mohamed Oukka & Vijay K. Kuchroo

doi:10.1038/nature07036

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Articles

Micro-engineered local field control for high-sensitivity multispectral MRI p1058

Gary Zabow, Stephen Dodd, John Moreland & Alan Koretsky

doi:10.1038/nature07048

Abstract | Full Text | PDF (1,266K) | Supplementary information

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The amphioxus genome and the evolution of the chordate karyotype p1064

Nicholas H. Putnam, Thomas Butts, David E. K. Ferrier, Rebecca F. Furlong, Uffe Hellsten, Takeshi Kawashima, Marc Robinson-Rechavi, Eiichi Shoguchi, Astrid Terry, Jr-Kai Yu, E`lia Benito-Gutiérrez, Inna Dubchak, Jordi Garcia-Fernàndez, Jeremy J. Gibson-Brown, Igor V. Grigoriev, Amy C. Horton, Pieter J. de Jong, Jerzy Jurka, Vladimir V. Kapitonov, Yuji Kohara, Yoko Kuroki, Erika Lindquist, Susan Lucas, Kazutoyo Osoegawa, Len A. Pennacchio, Asaf A. Salamov, Yutaka Satou, Tatjana Sauka-Spengler, Jeremy Schmutz, Tadasu Shin-I, Atsushi Toyoda, Marianne Bronner-Fraser, Asao Fujiyama, Linda Z. Holland, Peter W. H. Holland, Nori Satoh & Daniel S. Rokhsar

doi:10.1038/nature06967

Abstract | Full Text | PDF (344K) | Supplementary information

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PML targeting eradicates quiescent leukaemia-initiating cells p1072

Keisuke Ito, Rosa Bernardi, Alessandro Morotti, Sahoko Matsuoka, Giuseppe Saglio, Yasuo Ikeda, Jacalyn Rosenblatt, David E. Avigan, Julie Teruya-Feldstein & Pier Paolo Pandolfi

doi:10.1038/nature07016

Abstract | Full Text | PDF (1,319K) | Supplementary information

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Letters

Surprising dissimilarities in a newly formed pair of 'identical twin' stars p1079

Keivan G. Stassun, Robert D. Mathieu, Phillip A. Cargile, Alicia N. Aarnio, Eric Stempels & Aaron Geller

doi:10.1038/nature07069

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Jovian-like aurorae on Saturn p1083

Tom Stallard, Steve Miller, Henrik Melin, Makenzie Lystrup, Stan W. H. Cowley, Emma J. Bunce, Nicholas Achilleos & Michele Dougherty

doi:10.1038/nature07077

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (219K) | Supplementary information

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Nanoscale holographic interferometry for strain measurements in electronic devices p1086

Martin Hÿtch, Florent Houdellier, Florian Hüe & Etienne Snoeck

doi:10.1038/nature07049

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Improved estimates of upper-ocean warming and multi-decadal sea-level rise p1090

Catia M. Domingues, John A. Church, Neil J. White, Peter J. Gleckler, Susan E. Wijffels, Paul M. Barker & Jeff R. Dunn

doi:10.1038/nature07080

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Cytokinin and auxin interaction in root stem-cell specification during early embryogenesis p1094

Bruno Müller & Jen Sheen

doi:10.1038/nature06943

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Cortical control of a prosthetic arm for self-feeding p1098

Meel Velliste, Sagi Perel, M. Chance Spalding, Andrew S. Whitford & Andrew B. Schwartz

doi:10.1038/nature06996

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (794K) | Supplementary information

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Neural substrates of vocalization feedback monitoring in primate auditory cortex p1102

Steven J. Eliades & Xiaoqin Wang

doi:10.1038/nature06910

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RNA toxicity is a component of ataxin-3 degeneration in Drosophila p1107

Ling-Bo Li, Zhenming Yu, Xiuyin Teng & Nancy M. Bonini

doi:10.1038/nature06909

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Synergistic response to oncogenic mutations defines gene class critical to cancer phenotype p1112

Helene R. McMurray, Erik R. Sampson, George Compitello, Conan Kinsey, Laurel Newman, Bradley Smith, Shaw-Ree Chen, Lev Klebanov, Peter Salzman, Andrei Yakovlev & Hartmut Land

doi:10.1038/nature06973

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Deficiency in catechol-O-methyltransferase and 2-methoxyoestradiol is associated with pre-eclampsia p1117

Keizo Kanasaki, Kristin Palmsten, Hikaru Sugimoto, Shakil Ahmad, Yuki Hamano, Liang Xie, Samuel Parry, Hellmut G. Augustin, Vincent H. Gattone, Judah Folkman, Jerome F. Strauss & Raghu Kalluri

doi:10.1038/nature06951

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Crucial role for the Nalp3 inflammasome in the immunostimulatory properties of aluminium adjuvants p1122

Stephanie C. Eisenbarth, Oscar R. Colegio, William O'Connor, Fayyaz S. Sutterwala & Richard A. Flavell

doi:10.1038/nature06939

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Haem homeostasis is regulated by the conserved and concerted functions of HRG-1 proteins p1127

Abbhirami Rajagopal, Anita U. Rao, Julio Amigo, Meng Tian, Sanjeev K. Upadhyay, Caitlin Hall, Suji Uhm, M. K. Mathew, Mark D. Fleming, Barry H. Paw, Michael Krause & Iqbal Hamza

doi:10.1038/nature06934

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Midzone activation of aurora B in anaphase produces an intracellular phosphorylation gradient p1132

Brian G. Fuller, Michael A. Lampson, Emily A. Foley, Sara Rosasco-Nitcher, Kim V. Le, Page Tobelmann, David L. Brautigan, P. Todd Stukenberg & Tarun M. Kapoor

doi:10.1038/nature06923

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Naturejobs

Prospects p1137

Navigating the grey areas of industry-academia interactions.

Gene Russo

doi:10.1038/nj7198-1137a

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Taking the industry road p1138

Robin Mejia reports on the perils and opportunities of doing scientific work that is funded by private companies.

Robin Mejia

doi:10.1038/nj7198-1138a

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Correction p1139

doi:10.1038/nj7198-1139a

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Neil Turok, executive director, Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada p1140

Noted physicist Neil Turok heads to Canada.

Virginia Gewin

doi:10.1038/nj7198-1140a

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The hunt for new US drug regulators p1140

FDA initiates major hiring wave.

Virginia Gewin

doi:10.1038/nj7198-1140b

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I'm an alien p1140

Finding refuge in my science.

Jon Yearsley

doi:10.1038/nj7198-1140c

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Futures

Travel by numbers p1142

A step-by-step guide.

Gareth D. Jones

doi:10.1038/4531142a

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