FIGURE 1. Cell-based genetic screens for specific MPKs and MKKs in ethylene signalling.
From the following article:
Dual control of nuclear EIN3 by bifurcate MAPK cascades in C2H4 signalling
Sang-Dong Yoo, Young-Hee Cho, Guillaume Tena, Yan Xiong & Jen Sheen
Nature 451, 789-795(14 February 2008)
doi:10.1038/nature06543
a, Specific MAPKs are activated in the ctr1 protoplasts but inactivated by CTR1a. MAPK activity and protein expression (MPK–HA or CTR1a–Flag) are shown. The experiments were repeated twice. b, Constitutively active MKK4a, MKK5a, MKK7a and MKK9a activate MPK3 and MPK6 in WT protoplasts. c, Transient expression of WT MKK7 or MKK9 preferentially increases MPK3 and MPK6 activity (act.) in ctr1 protoplasts. Empty vector (-) was used as a DNA transfection control. Protein expression (MKK–MYC or MPK–HA) is shown.
