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Nature 450, 641-645 (29 November 2007) | doi:10.1038/nature06140;

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A dynamic upper atmosphere of Venus as revealed by VIRTIS on Venus Express

The upper atmosphere of a planet is a transition region in which energy is transferred between the deeper atmosphere and outer space. Molecular emissions from the upper atmosphere (90–120|[thinsp]|km altitude) of Venus can be used to investigate the energetics and to trace the circulation of this hitherto little-studied region.

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