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Nature 450, 646-649 (29 November 2007) | doi:10.1038/nature05974;

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A warm layer in Venus' cryosphere and high-altitude measurements of HF, HCl, H2O and HDO

Venus has thick clouds of H2SO4 aerosol particles extending from altitudes of 40 to 60|[thinsp]|km. The 60–100|[thinsp]|km region (the mesosphere) is a transition region between the 4|[thinsp]|day retrograde superrotation at the top of the thick clouds and the solar–antisolar circulation in the thermosphere (above 100|[thinsp]|km), which has upwelling over the subsolar point and transport to the nightside.

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