TABLE 1
From the following article:
Postcranial evidence from early Homo from Dmanisi, Georgia
David Lordkipanidze, Tea Jashashvili, Abesalom Vekua, Marcia S. Ponce de León, Christoph P. E. Zollikofer, G. Philip Rightmire, Herman Pontzer, Reid Ferring, Oriol Oms, Martha Tappen, Maia Bukhsianidze, Jordi Agusti, Ralf Kahlke, Gocha Kiladze, Bienvenido Martinez-Navarro, Alexander Mouskhelishvili, Medea Nioradze & Lorenzo Rook
Nature 449, 305-310(20 September 2007)
doi:10.1038/nature06134
Table 1. Postcranial dimensions of the Dmanisi hominins.
| Measurements | Australopiths | Earliest Homo | Dmanisi | KNM-WT15000 | Modern humans |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Measurement ranges were used for australopiths and modern humans. Data for subadults are in italic font. a–p, antero-posterior; m–l, mediolateral. For measurement codes (M1, M7, and so on) see ref. 69 of Supplementary Information. | |||||
*See Supplementary Table 6 for details on estimation procedures. †Sts7, AL288-1. ‡OH48. §AL288-1, Bou-VP-12/1. ||AL288-1, ER739, Sts7, Omo119. ¶AL333-101, SK-854. #AL288-1. | |||||
| Shoulder girdle | |||||
| Olecranon orientation relative to midaxillary border (M17) (°) | 115.0–116.0† | – | 129.0 | 127.0 | 133.8–154.0 |
| Glenocoracoid angle (°) | – | – | 55.0 | 59.5 | 60.0–94.5 |
| Clavicular length (M1) (mm) | – | 149.4‡ | 137.3 (L), 135.6 (R), 123.2 | 130.5 | 113.0–159.0, 113.0–139.0 |
| Humerus | |||||
| Length (M1) (mm) | 226.0–235.0§ | – | 295.0, 282.2 | 319.0 | 263.0–341.0, 255.0–334.0 |
| Mid-shaft a–p diameter (mm) | 19.0 | – | 37.1, 17.1 (L), 16.8 (R) | 19.9 | 16.5–36.0, 12.5–24.3 |
| Mid-shaft m–l diameter (mm) | 15.0 | – | 34.8, 14.3 (L), 14.7 (R) | 16.7 | 11.5–24.5, 13.3–31.4 |
| Torsion (M18) (°) | 111.0–130.0|| | – | 110.0, 104.0 | 126.0 | 134.9–180.0, 138.2–160.7 |
| Vertebrae | |||||
| C2 anterior angle of superior articular process (°) | 107.0–120.0¶ | – | 111.0 | – | 129.1–147.2 |
| C2/C3 zygapophyseal joint angle (°) | – | – | 62.5 | – | 62.0–85.0 |
| Th10 centrum area (M4*M7) (mm2) | – | – | 692.2 | – | 601.1–958.6 |
| L1 centrum area (M4*M7) (mm2) | – | – | 777.8 | 803.4 | 706.3–1,288.9 |
| Femur | |||||
| Length (M1) (mm) | 280.0# | 401.0–396.0 | 386.0 | 432.0 | 337.0–434.0 |
| Head diameter (M19) (mm) | 27.9–39.4** | 40.0–42.0 | 40.0 | 46.0 | 42.7–55.1 |
| Mid-shaft a–p diameter (M6) (mm) | 22.0# | 27.7–28.8 | 26.5 | 24.5 | 29.1–34.7 |
| Mid-shaft m–l diameter (M7) (mm) | 21.0# | 26.4–25.6 | 22.2 | 24.3 | 26.1–29.9 |
| Medial condylar breadth (M21c) (mm) | 19.3–22.3†† | 20.7–21 | 24.2 | – | 27.6–40.3 |
| Lateral condylar breadth (M21e) (mm) | 17.9–22.1†† | 19.2–25.5 | 23.3 | – | 24.2–32.9 |
| Bicondylar angle (M30) (°) | 75.0–81.0‡‡ | 77.0–80.0 | 81.5 | 80.0 | 76.0–88.0 |
| Tibia | |||||
| Length (M1a) (mm) | – | – | 306.0 | 380 | 290.0–374.0 |
| Mid-shaft a–p diameter (M8) (mm) | – | 22.5–31.0§§ | 27.0 | 24.5 | 25.8–42.3 |
| Mid-shaft m–l diameter (M9) (mm) | – | 14.6–23.6§§ | 18.0 | 20.4 | 15.5–24.6 |
| Angle of inclination (M13) (°) | – | – | 82.0 | – | 89.1–111.7 |
| Foot | |||||
| Neck angle of talus (M16) (°) | 32.3|||| | 33.5¶¶ | 26.0 | – | 12.0–31.0 |
| Estimates* | |||||
| Stature (cm) | 110.0–151.0 (ref. 50) | 125.0–157.0 (ref. 50) | 144.9–166.2 | 150.5–169.1 (ref. 42) | – |
| Body mass (kg) | 29.0–49.0 (ref. 50) | 32.0–52.0 (ref. 50) | 40.0–50.0 | 45.5–70.6 (ref. 42) | – |
| Encephalization quotient | 2.4–3.1 (ref. 50) | 3.1 (ref. 50) | 2.57–3.13 | 2.71–3.78 | 6.3 |
KNM-ER1481, KNM-ER1472. **AL288-1, AL333-4. ††AL129, AL333-4, Sts34, TM1513. ‡‡AL288-1, AL129-1a, AL333-4, AL333w-56, Sts34, TM1513, ER993. §§OH35a, ER813a, ER741. ||||AL288-1, TM1517, ER1476a, ER813, ER1464, Stw573. ¶¶OH8.