FIGURE 1. Five steps in jasmonate signalling^{1, 2}.

a, JAZ proteins are normally bound to transcription factors and inhibit their activity. b, In response to attack, jasmonoyl–isoleucine (JA–Ile, marked with a star) stabilizes the interaction between COI1 and JAZ. c, The JAZ protein is probably then modified by ubiquitin (U), so marking it for destruction. d, JAZ is destroyed, liberating the transcription factors; e, this allows transcription of genes that produce proteins involved in defence and development, as well as of JAZ genes to restrain the jasmonate response. (Only the COI1 component of the SCF^COI1 enzyme complex of which it is a part is shown.)