Editorials

A unifying force p225

The questions to be explored at the Large Hadron Collider offer a chance to rekindle public interest in the fundamental principles of the Universe in which we live.

doi:10.1038/448225a

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Transmission lines p225

Field trials of AIDS prevention methods are as essential as they are politically awkward.

doi:10.1038/448225b

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Dedicated to science p226

Hands off the Commons Select Committee on Science and Technology.

doi:10.1038/448226a

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Research Highlights

Research highlights p228

doi:10.1038/448228a

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News

High noon in Libya p230

This week sees yet another crisis point in the Libyan case of six foreign health professionals sentenced to death on charges of injecting hundreds of children with HIV. Declan Butler traces the efforts of scientists to help establish the truth.

Declan Butler

doi:10.1038/448230a

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Deep science strikes gold after latest site is named p232

Underground research finds home in US mine.

Geoff Brumfiel

doi:10.1038/448232a

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Russia pins its hopes on 'nano' p233

Parliament approves nanotechnology initiative.

Quirin Schiermeier

doi:10.1038/448233a

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Sidelines p234

doi:10.1038/448234a

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US proposal for carbon cuts offers compromise p234

Climate legislation makes headway in Congress.

Ewen Callaway

doi:10.1038/448234b

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Get practical, urge climatologists p234

Modellers call for better information for policy-makers.

Quirin Schiermeier

doi:10.1038/448234c

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Snapshot: Seeing red p236

The sky captured in infrared.

David Cyranoski

doi:10.1038/448236a

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Science watchdog baulks at merger p236

UK committee fears its days are numbered.

Michael Hopkin

doi:10.1038/448236b

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News in brief p237

doi:10.1038/448237a

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Business

Patent examiners call in the jury p239

The US Patent and Trade Office has cracked open the door on its normally closed patent evaluation process. Heidi Ledford looks at how its peer-review project is faring.

doi:10.1038/448239a

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News Features

Unseen Universe: Welcome to the dark side p240

Physicists say that 96% of the Universe is unseen, and appeal to the ideas of 'dark matter' and 'dark energy' to make up the difference. In the first of two articles, Jenny Hogan reports that attempts to identify the mysterious dark matter are on the verge of success. In the second, Geoff Brumfiel asks why dark energy, hailed as a breakthrough when discovered a decade ago, is proving more frustrating than ever to the scientists who study it.

doi:10.1038/448240a

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See also: Editor's summary

Unseen Universe: A constant problem p245

Why is dark energy, hailed as a breakthrough when discovered a decade ago, proving so frustrating to the scientists who study it?

doi:10.1038/448245a

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Correspondence

Race: talented minorities face a 'revolving door' p250

Ben Barres

doi:10.1038/448250a

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Race and tenure case was not handled fairly by MIT p250

James Sherley

doi:10.1038/448250b

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Foundation active in fight to cure Huntington's p250

Nancy Wexler & Carl Johnson

doi:10.1038/448250c

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Friendly clarification from City of Brotherly Love p250

Douglas J. Jerolmack

doi:10.1038/448250d

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Animal welfare is not just another bureaucratic hoop p251

L. Bergmeier

doi:10.1038/448251a

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Animal welfare: reporting details is good science p251

C. M. Sherwin

doi:10.1038/448251b

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UNAIDS rejects claims of exaggeration and bias p251

Paul R. De Lay & Kevin M. De Cock

doi:10.1038/448251c

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Chinese recorded classical nova two millennia ago p251

Göran H. I. Johansson

doi:10.1038/448251d

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Books and Arts

The case of creation p253

Last year's Dover trial resulted in intelligent design being removed from the science curriculum.

Kevin Padian reviews The Battle Over the Meaning of Everything: Evolution, Intelligent Design, and a School Board in Dover, PA by Gordy Slack and 40 Days and 40 Nights: Darwin, Intelligent Design, God, OxyContin^® and Other Oddities on Trial in Pennsylvania by Matthew Chapman and Monkey Girl: Evolution, Education, Religion, and the Battle for America's Soul by Edward Humes

doi:10.1038/448253a

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A lone voice in the greenhouse p254

Robert J. Charlson reviews The Callendar Effect: The Life and Work of Guy Stewart Callendar (1898–1964), the Scientist who Established the Carbon Dioxide Theory of Climate Change by James Rodger Fleming

doi:10.1038/448254a

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Ripples in relativity p255

Clifford Will reviews Traveling at the Speed of Thought: Einstein and the Quest for Gravitational Waves by Daniel Kennefick

doi:10.1038/448255a

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Science in culture: Beijing bubbles p256

The Olympic Aquatic Centre will be housed in a giant block of foam.

Philip Ball

doi:10.1038/448256a

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Essay

Theoretical physics: Walk the Planck p257

Where relativity and quantum mechanics clash, new laws of physics should emerge.

Giovanni Amelino-Camelia

doi:10.1038/448257a

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News and Views

Palaeogeography: Europe cut adrift p259

The floor of the English Channel provides evidence for two catastrophic floods arising from the drainage of huge glacial lakes in the area of the southern North Sea. These megafloods made Britain what it is today.

Philip Gibbard

doi:10.1038/448259a

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Stem cells: The magic brew p260

Researchers have engineered embryonic stem-like cells from normal mouse skin cells. If this method can be translated to humans, patient-specific stem cells could be made without the use of donated eggs or embryos.

Janet Rossant

doi:10.1038/448260a

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Quantum mechanics: Interference in the matter p262

Like any particle, electrons are also waves that can interfere with each other. Remarkably, this interference can even happen between electrons from different sources that have never physically interacted.

Markus Kindermann

doi:10.1038/448262a

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Neurobiology: New order for thought disorders p263

Can we really learn about complex human psychiatric disorders through genetic manipulations in mice? Yes, according to studies of how altering the gene encoding neuregulin 1 affects signalling in the mouse brain.

Lorna W. Role & David A. Talmage

doi:10.1038/448263a

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50 & 100 Years Ago p263

doi:10.1038/448263b

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Plant biology: Time for growth p265

Analyses of growth kinetics in seedlings reveal exquisite connections between the signalling pathways controlled by the circadian clock and by light, and illuminate the molecular mechanisms involved.

Ghislain Breton & Steve A. Kay

doi:10.1038/448265a

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Cell biology: Caught in the traffic p266

In mice, deletion of the Rab8 protein disrupts organized molecular distribution to membranes of intestinal epithelial cells. Death by starvation follows, exactly as it does in humans with microvillus inclusion disease.

Aparna Lakkaraju & Enrique Rodriguez-Boulan

doi:10.1038/448266a

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Obituary: F. Anthony Dahlen (1942–2007) p268

Pioneering and versatile theoretical geophysicist.

Guust Nolet

doi:10.1038/448268a

Full Text | PDF (98K)

Articles

Generation of germline-competent induced pluripotent stem cells p313

Keisuke Okita, Tomoko Ichisaka & Shinya Yamanaka

doi:10.1038/nature05934

Abstract | Full Text | PDF (2,080K) | Supplementary information

See also: Editor's summary | News and Views by Rossant

In vitro reprogramming of fibroblasts into a pluripotent ES-cell-like state p318

Marius Wernig, Alexander Meissner, Ruth Foreman, Tobias Brambrink, Manching Ku, Konrad Hochedlinger, Bradley E. Bernstein & Rudolf Jaenisch

doi:10.1038/nature05944

Abstract | Full Text | PDF (1,343K) | Supplementary information

See also: Editor's summary | News and Views by Rossant

Conformational entropy in molecular recognition by proteins p325

Kendra King Frederick, Michael S. Marlow, Kathleen G. Valentine & A. Joshua Wand

doi:10.1038/nature05959

Abstract | Full Text | PDF (285K) | Supplementary information

See also: Editor's summary

Letters

The sources of sodium escaping from Io revealed by spectral high definition imaging p330

Michael Mendillo, Sophie Laurent, Jody Wilson, Jeffrey Baumgardner, Janusz Konrad & W. Clem Karl

doi:10.1038/nature06000

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (264K)

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Interference between two indistinguishable electrons from independent sources p333

I. Neder, N. Ofek, Y. Chung, M. Heiblum, D. Mahalu & V. Umansky

doi:10.1038/nature05955

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (1,119K)

See also: Editor's summary | News and Views by Kindermann

A reversible wet/dry adhesive inspired by mussels and geckos p338

Haeshin Lee, Bruce P. Lee & Phillip B. Messersmith

doi:10.1038/nature05968

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (1,091K) | Supplementary information

See also: Editor's summary

Catastrophic flooding origin of shelf valley systems in the English Channel p342

Sanjeev Gupta, Jenny S. Collier, Andy Palmer-Felgate & Graeme Potter

doi:10.1038/nature06018

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (759K) | Supplementary information

See also: Editor's summary | News and Views by Gibbard

The effect of ancient population bottlenecks on human phenotypic variation p346

Andrea Manica, William Amos, François Balloux & Tsunehiko Hanihara

doi:10.1038/nature05951

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (889K) | Supplementary information

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Positive darwinian selection at the imprinted MEDEA locus in plants p349

Charles Spillane, Karl J. Schmid, Sylvia Laoueillé-Duprat, Stéphane Pien, Juan-Miguel Escobar-Restrepo, Célia Baroux, Valeria Gagliardini, Damian R. Page, Kenneth H. Wolfe & Ueli Grossniklaus

doi:10.1038/nature05984

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (362K) | Supplementary information

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Variants conferring risk of atrial fibrillation on chromosome 4q25 p353

Daniel F. Gudbjartsson, David O. Arnar, Anna Helgadottir, Solveig Gretarsdottir, Hilma Holm, Asgeir Sigurdsson, Adalbjorg Jonasdottir, Adam Baker, Gudmar Thorleifsson, Kristleifur Kristjansson, Arnar Palsson, Thorarinn Blondal, Patrick Sulem, Valgerdur M. Backman, Gudmundur A. Hardarson, Ebba Palsdottir, Agnar Helgason, Runa Sigurjonsdottir, Jon T. Sverrisson, Konstantinos Kostulas, Maggie C. Y. Ng, Larry Baum, Wing Yee So, Ka Sing Wong, Juliana C. N. Chan, Karen L. Furie, Steven M. Greenberg, Michelle Sale, Peter Kelly, Calum A. MacRae, Eric E. Smith, Jonathan Rosand, Jan Hillert, Ronald C. W. Ma, Patrick T. Ellinor, Gudmundur Thorgeirsson, Jeffrey R. Gulcher, Augustine Kong, Unnur Thorsteinsdottir & Kari Stefansson

doi:10.1038/nature06007

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (377K) | Supplementary information

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Rhythmic growth explained by coincidence between internal and external cues p358

Kazunari Nozue, Michael F. Covington, Paula D. Duek, Séverine Lorrain, Christian Fankhauser, Stacey L. Harmer & Julin N. Maloof

doi:10.1038/nature05946

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (1,129K) | Supplementary information

See also: News and Views by Breton & Kay

Two distinct modes of guidance signalling during collective migration of border cells p362

Ambra Bianco, Minna Poukkula, Adam Cliffe, Juliette Mathieu, Carlos M. Luque, Tudor A. Fulga & Pernille Rørth

doi:10.1038/nature05965

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (559K) | Supplementary information

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The Rab8 GTPase regulates apical protein localization in intestinal cells p366

Takashi Sato, Sotaro Mushiake, Yukio Kato, Ken Sato, Miyuki Sato, Naoki Takeda, Keiichi Ozono, Kazunori Miki, Yoshiyuki Kubo, Akira Tsuji, Reiko Harada & Akihiro Harada

doi:10.1038/nature05929

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (1,282K) | Supplementary information

See also: News and Views by Lakkaraju & Rodriguez-Boulan

A bacterial E3 ubiquitin ligase targets a host protein kinase to disrupt plant immunity p370

Tracy R. Rosebrock, Lirong Zeng, Jennifer J. Brady, Robert B. Abramovitch, Fangming Xiao & Gregory B. Martin

doi:10.1038/nature05966

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (828K) | Supplementary information

See also: Editor's summary

Delayed ageing through damage protection by the Arf/p53 pathway p375

Ander Matheu, Antonio Maraver, Peter Klatt, Ignacio Flores, Isabel Garcia-Cao, Consuelo Borras, Juana M. Flores, Jose Viña, Maria A. Blasco & Manuel Serrano

doi:10.1038/nature05949

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (338K) | Supplementary information

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Naturejobs

Funding models can push the envelope, but at what cost? p381

Gene Russo

doi:10.1038/nj7151-381a

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Wise council p382

Cooperation and small group size make the UK Medical Research Council's institutes a success.

Jill U. Adams

doi:10.1038/nj7151-382a

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Robert Sterner, director, Division of Environmental Biology, National Science Foundation, Washington DC p384

New environmental-biology head at National Science Foundation.

Virginia Gewin

doi:10.1038/nj7151-384a

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Fountain of funding for youth p384

California Institute for Regenerative Medicine offers start-up grants for young scientists.

Monya Baker

doi:10.1038/nj7151-384b

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Vision p384

It's important to periodically reflect and refocus.

Maria Ocampo-Hafalla

doi:10.1038/nj7151-384c

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Opportunities: The National Institutes of Health

doi:10.1038/nj0165

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Futures

Modern mating p386

Match point.

John Zakour

doi:10.1038/448386a

Full Text | PDF (110K)