Calculating how much biodiversity makes an ecosystem churn.
doi:10.1038/7150xia
Table of contents
Volume 448 Number 7150 pp105-224
(this content only available online) indicates content that is available online only
Making the paper: Andy Hector pxi
Abstractions pxi
doi:10.1038/7150xib
From the Blogosphere pxi
doi:10.1038/7150xic
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Editorials
A geographical error p105
The most suitably qualified person should secure an important post, in almost all instances. But competing interests among nations mean that this is not always the case in Europe.
doi:10.1038/448105a
Safety clause p105
US research on bioweapons has expanded rapidly, without sufficiently transparent regulation.
doi:10.1038/448105b
Hard to swallow p105
Is it possible to gauge the true potential of traditional Chinese medicine?
doi:10.1038/448106a
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News
HIV trial doomed by design, say critics p110
Microbicide gel dosage prompts call for rethink.
Erika Check
doi:10.1038/448110a
Conserving life and livelihood p111
Sidelines p112
doi:10.1038/448112a
Austria's science institute gathers steam p112
Plan for graduate-level facility back on track.
Carina Lenotti
doi:10.1038/448112b
Snapshot: Marks of distinction p113
Historians follow paper trail for artistic etching.
Alison Abbott
doi:10.1038/448113a
French universities to gain control p113
President Sarkozy promises freedom in his reform bill.
Declan Butler
doi:10.1038/448113b
Fly library boosts gene tool supply p115
Massive collection of transgenic Drosophila spreads its wings.
Heidi Ledford
doi:10.1038/448115a
Activated eggs offer route to stem cells p116
Technique could sidestep need for viable embryos.
David Cyranoski
doi:10.1038/448116a
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Column
Party of OneTechnical advice p119
Scientists tend to complain that Congress rarely pays heed to what they have to say. But the issues are often as much about values as they are science, says David Goldston.
David Goldston
doi:10.1038/448119a
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Business
Civil aviation faces green challenge p120
As a fast-growing emitter of greenhouse gases, the aviation industry is under intense pressure to improve its fuel efficiency. Kurt Kleiner surveys its options.
doi:10.1038/448120a
In brief p121
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Market watch p121
doi:10.1038/448121b
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News Features
Mass extinctions: Reading the book of death p122
Studies of mass extinctions tend to emphasize the sheer scope of the carnage. But subtle differences between the species that died and those that survived can be crucial, finds Nick Lane.
Nick Lane
doi:10.1038/448122a
Traditional medicine: A culture in the balance p126
Traditional Chinese medicine and Western science face almost irreconcilable differences. Can systems biology bring them together? Jane Qiu reports.
Jane Qiu
doi:10.1038/448126a
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Correspondence
Authors' financial interests should be made known to manuscript reviewers p129
Space-time safe — at least until the LHC switches on p129
Mentors could support a student reviewer database p129
Mentors: public lists would help students choose p129
How incompatibilities may have led to eukaryotic cell p130
Text mining: powering the database revolution p130
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Commentary
Beyond the troubled relationship p131
If scientific culture in the Muslim world has changed since the golden era of Islamic science, so has the practice of Islam. Reintroducing knowledge and creativity requires a revival of both, argues Ziauddin Sardar.
Ziauddin Sardar
doi:10.1038/448131a
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Books and Arts
Imagine a better world p135
Given that humans are here to stay on Earth for some time yet, what can we do to lessen our impact?
doi:10.1038/448135a
Degrees of change p136
doi:10.1038/448136a
Culture costs lives p137
doi:10.1038/448137a
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Essay
Linnaeus and taxonomy in Japan p139
Doctors at the Dutch Trading House on Dejima were a conduit for science into and out of Europe.
His Majesty The Emperor of Japan
doi:10.1038/448139a
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News and Views
フォトニクス：鎖状の光
Photonics: Light in chains p141
Diffraction places a fundamental limit on the smallest scales at which light can be controlled. A nanoscale silver array not only circumvents the barrier, but steers different-coloured light to different places.
Niek F. van Hulst
doi:10.1038/448141a
日本語要約 | Full Text | PDF (240K)
遺伝子転写：メッセンジャーRNAの作り方
Gene transcription: Extending the message p142
During transcription, RNA polymerase catalyses the addition of nucleotides to the growing RNA chain. High-resolution structural snapshots indicate that the polymerase first identifies its substrate, and then incorporates it.
Patrick Cramer
doi:10.1038/448142a
日本語要約 | Full Text | PDF (183K)
太陽系外惑星：遠い世界の水
Extrasolar planets: Water on distant worlds p143
Is the presence of water a feature common to all gas-giant planets? The first convincing detection of water vapour in the atmosphere of such a planet from outside our Solar System indicates that the answer is yes.
Heather A. Knutson
doi:10.1038/448143a
日本語要約 | Full Text | PDF (132K)
植物生態学：家族のルーツを判別する根っこ
Plant ecology: Family roots p145
Experiments in which related and unrelated plants were grown together reveal the ability of roots to recognize their kin. The ecological and evolutionary implications are tantalizing topics for future studies.
Ragan M. Callaway & Bruce E. Mahall
doi:10.1038/448145a
日本語要約 | Full Text | PDF (683K)
50 & 100 Years Ago p146
doi:10.1038/448146a
神経生理学：冷たい感じを導くチャネル
Neurophysiology: Channelling cold reception p147
Perception of cold and hot is one of life's essentials. Three research teams find that, when a temperature-sensing receptor is deleted in mice, the animals lose their response to a range of cold temperatures.
Bernd Nilius & Thomas Voets
doi:10.1038/448147a
日本語要約 | Full Text | PDF (281K)
毒物学：食べ物に潜む危険
Toxicology: Danger in the diet p148
追悼：Pierre-Gilles de Gennes氏（1932-2007）
Obituary: Pierre-Gilles de Gennes (1932–2007) p149
Pioneer of soft-matter physics.
Françoise Brochard-Wyart
doi:10.1038/448149a
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Articles
遺伝：ショウジョウバエにおける条件つき遺伝子不活性化のためのゲノム規模のRNAi用導入遺伝子ライブラリー
A genome-wide transgenic RNAi library for conditional gene inactivation in Drosophila p151
Georg Dietzl, Doris Chen, Frank Schnorrer, Kuan-Chung Su, Yulia Barinova, Michaela Fellner, Beate Gasser, Kaolin Kinsey, Silvia Oppel, Susanne Scheiblauer, Africa Couto, Vincent Marra, Krystyna Keleman & Barry J. Dickson
doi:10.1038/nature05954
細胞：細菌RNAポリメラーゼによる転写伸長の構造基盤
Structural basis for transcription elongation by bacterial RNA polymerase p157
Dmitry G. Vassylyev, Marina N. Vassylyeva, Anna Perederina, Tahir H. Tahirov & Irina Artsimovitch
doi:10.1038/nature05932
日本語要約 | Full Text | PDF (1,568K) | Supplementary information
細胞：細菌RNAポリメラーゼにおける基質取り込みの構造基盤
Structural basis for substrate loading in bacterial RNA polymerase p163
Dmitry G. Vassylyev, Marina N. Vassylyeva, Jinwei Zhang, Murali Palangat, Irina Artsimovitch & Robert Landick
doi:10.1038/nature05931
日本語要約 | Full Text | PDF (3,090K) | Supplementary information
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Letters
宇宙：恒星の前面を通過する惑星の大気中の水蒸気
Water vapour in the atmosphere of a transiting extrasolar planet p169
Giovanna Tinetti, Alfred Vidal-Madjar, Mao-Chang Liang, Jean-Philippe Beaulieu, Yuk Yung, Sean Carey, Robert J. Barber, Jonathan Tennyson, Ignasi Ribas, Nicole Allard, Gilda E. Ballester, David K. Sing & Franck Selsis
doi:10.1038/nature06002
日本語要約 | Full Text | PDF (790K)
宇宙：分裂した73P/シュヴァスマン・ヴァッハマン第3彗星にみられる組成の均一性
Compositional homogeneity in the fragmented comet 73P/Schwassmann–Wachmann 3 p172
N. Dello Russo, R. J. Vervack, H. A. Weaver, N. Biver, D. Bockelée-Morvan, J. Crovisier & C. M. Lisse
doi:10.1038/nature05908
分光学：2次元電子系の高分解能分光法
High-resolution spectroscopy of two-dimensional electron systems p176
O. E. Dial, R. C. Ashoori, L. N. Pfeiffer & K. W. West
doi:10.1038/nature05982
海洋：沿岸の海洋堆積物における正味の二窒素ガスフラックスの反転
Reversal of the net dinitrogen gas flux in coastal marine sediments p180
R. W. Fulweiler, S. W. Nixon, B. A. Buckley & S. L. Granger
doi:10.1038/nature05963
地球：海洋トランスフォーム断層に沿った重力異常の拡大速度依存性
Spreading rate dependence of gravity anomalies along oceanic transform faults p183
Patricia M. Gregg, Jian Lin, Mark D. Behn & Laurent G. J. Montési
doi:10.1038/nature05962
日本語要約 | Full Text | PDF (1,205K) | Supplementary information
生態：生物多様性と生態系の多機能性
Biodiversity and ecosystem multifunctionality p188
Andy Hector & Robert Bagchi
doi:10.1038/nature05947
発生：哺乳類胚からの多分化能性胚盤葉上層幹細胞の誘導
Derivation of pluripotent epiblast stem cells from mammalian embryos p191
I. Gabrielle M. Brons, Lucy E. Smithers, Matthew W. B. Trotter, Peter Rugg-Gunn, Bowen Sun, Susana M. Chuva de Sousa Lopes, Sarah K. Howlett, Amanda Clarkson, Lars Ahrlund-Richter, Roger A. Pedersen & Ludovic Vallier
doi:10.1038/nature05950
細胞：マウス胚盤葉上層由来の新たな細胞系はヒトの胚性幹細胞と共通する典型的な特徴をもつ
New cell lines from mouse epiblast share defining features with human embryonic stem cells p196
Paul J. Tesar, Josh G. Chenoweth, Frances A. Brook, Timothy J. Davies, Edward P. Evans, David L. Mack, Richard L. Gardner & Ronald D. G. McKay
doi:10.1038/nature05972
細胞：キイロタマホコリカビの浸透圧調節に必要な細胞内P2X受容体
An intracellular P2X receptor required for osmoregulation in Dictyostelium discoideum p200
Samuel J. Fountain, Katie Parkinson, Mark T. Young, Lishuang Cao, Christopher R. L. Thompson & R. Alan North
doi:10.1038/nature05926
日本語要約 | Full Text | PDF (1,228K) | Supplementary information
生理：メントール受容体TRPM8は環境の寒冷性の主要な感知器である
The menthol receptor TRPM8 is the principal detector of environmental cold p204
Diana M. Bautista, Jan Siemens, Joshua M. Glazer, Pamela R. Tsuruda, Allan I. Basbaum, Cheryl L. Stucky, Sven-Eric Jordt & David Julius
doi:10.1038/nature05910
細胞：イネのケイ素外向き輸送体
An efflux transporter of silicon in rice p209
Jian Feng Ma, Naoki Yamaji, Namiki Mitani, Kazunori Tamai, Saeko Konishi, Toru Fujiwara, Maki Katsuhara & Masahiro Yano
doi:10.1038/nature05964
細胞：トポイソメラーゼIによるDNAの解きほぐしを妨げる抗癌剤
Antitumour drugs impede DNA uncoiling by topoisomerase I p213
Daniel A. Koster, Komaraiah Palle, Elisa S. M. Bot, Mary-Ann Bjornsti & Nynke H. Dekker
doi:10.1038/nature05938
日本語要約 | Full Text | PDF (1,301K) | Supplementary information
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Special Report
Career Views
Naturejobs
ProspectGovernment-funded labs have their perks, and their challenges p219
Gene Russo
doi:10.1038/nj7150-219a
Special Report
Fighting Back p220
Emerging from scandal and reorganization, Los Alamos National Laboratory hopes to retain talent and remain at the cutting edge. Karen Fox reports.
Karen Fox
doi:10.1038/nj7150-220a
Career Views
France Córdova, president, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana p222
France Córdova becomes Purdue University's president.
Virginia Gewin
doi:10.1038/nj7150-222a
Engineering a place for women p222
Everyday workplace culture might be keeping women out of science, engineering and technology fields in Britain.
Roger Livesey
doi:10.1038/nj7150-222b
(Almost) in press p222
Composing a manuscript is a laborious task. Could there be a better way some day?
Peter Jordan
doi:10.1038/nj7150-222c
