Table of contents
Volume 447 Number 7142 pp231-346
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Editorials
Never had it so good? p231
The Blair–Brown era has been a golden one for British science.
doi:10.1038/447231a
Health cheques p231
Philanthropy offers a valuable approach to funding.
doi:10.1038/447231b
See also: Editor's summary
Blurred vision p232
In the end, the European Institute of Technology will not be worthy of its title.
doi:10.1038/447232a
News
United Nations shelves action on indoor hazards p236
Deadlock over plans to combat domestic pollution.
Narelle Towie
doi:10.1038/447236a
Modellers seek reason for low retraction rates p236
How scientific literature is shaped by withdrawn manuscripts.
Declan Butler & Jenny Hogan
doi:10.1038/447236b
Purdue dogged by misconduct claims p238
Third inquiry into bubble fusion is underway.
Eugenie Samuel Reich
doi:10.1038/447238a
India struggles to find director for top research agency p238
Council of Scientific and Industrial Research remains adrift.
K. S. Jayaraman
doi:10.1038/447238b
Anger at 'unfit' museum design p239
Concern mounts for natural history specimens.
Michael Hopkin
doi:10.1038/447239a
Rules tightened for aboriginal studies p241
Health research guidelines drawn up for indigenous Canadians.
Hannah Hoag
doi:10.1038/447241a
Canadian government pushed to protect land p241
Researchers call for action to save wetlands.
Erika Check
doi:10.1038/447241b
Sidelines p242
doi:10.1038/447242a
Applicants challenge male order at Howard Hughes p242
Institute's restrictions can make it hard for women to succeed.
Heidi Ledford
doi:10.1038/447242b
Time runs short for HapMap p242
Geneticists celebrate success - and look to the future.
Erika Check
doi:10.1038/447242c
News in brief p245
doi:10.1038/447245a
Correction p245
doi:10.1038/447245b
Business
Digging deep p246
Long dismissed as too expensive or impractical, mining the sea floor for metals is gaining a new foothold. Mark Schrope reports on two companies hoping to take the plunge.
doi:10.1038/447246a
In brief p247
doi:10.1038/447247a
Market watch p247
doi:10.1038/447247b
News Features
Biomedical philanthropy: State of the donation p248
Wealthy philanthropists and private foundations are supporting biomedical research on a grand scale. Meredith Wadman asks what they get for their money.
doi:10.1038/447248a
See also: Editor's summary
Biomedical philanthropy: The money tree p251
Donations from philanthropists and private foundations are increasingly finding their way into biomedical research. Lucy Odling-Smee takes a look at some of the richest and most influential funders.
doi:10.1038/447251a
See also: Editor's summary
Biomedical philanthropy: Love or money p252
Biomedical scientists want funding; private foundations want cures. Erika Check hears the joys and tensions that arise when the two hook up.
doi:10.1038/447252a
See also: Editor's summary
Biomedical philanthropy: The giving machine p254
Flush with Microsoft's fortune, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation is the largest charitable foundation in the United States. Tadataka Yamada, executive director of its Global Health Program, tells Lucy Odling-Smee how the organization aims to save lives with its wealth.
doi:10.1038/447254a
See also: Editor's summary
Archaeology: Blast in the past? p256
A controversial new idea suggests that a big space rock exploded on or above North America at the end of the last ice age. Rex Dalton reports.
doi:10.1038/447256a
See also: Editor's summary
Correspondence
Expand free journal project so poor countries can share their valuable climate data p259
Julian Hunt
doi:10.1038/447259a
Animal-welfare section in papers would be a burden p259
C. Jimenez
doi:10.1038/447259b
Recognition could support a science code of conduct p259
Yan Ropert-Coudert
doi:10.1038/447259c
Ground-breaking stem-cell work has been reproduced p259
Angelo L. Vescovi, Brent A. Reynolds, Rodney L. Rietze & Christopher Bjornson
doi:10.1038/447259d
Books and Arts
The search for novelty p261
Evo-devo is not the first attempt to understand how evolutionary innovations arise.
Wallace Arthur reviews From Embryology to Evo-Devo: A History of Developmental Evolution
doi:10.1038/447261a
A singular view of ageing p262
Linda Partridge reviews Aging of the Genome: The Dual Role of DNA in Life and Death by Jan Vijg
doi:10.1038/447262a
Exhibition: A painful pleasure p262
Artistic and medical views of pain go on show in Berlin
Stefan Klein reviews
doi:10.1038/447262b
See also: Editor's summary
Film: An unfamiliar face p263
Emma Marris reviews In Vivid Detail
doi:10.1038/447263a
News and Views
Regenerative biology: New hair from healing wounds p265
In mammals, most wounds heal by repair, not regeneration. It now seems that, as they heal, open skin wounds in adult mice form new hair follicles that follow similar developmental paths to those of embryos.
Cheng-Ming Chuong
doi:10.1038/447265a
See also: Editor's summary
Optics: Beyond diffraction p266
A material with a cunningly designed optical response overcomes a fundamental limit to image resolution. This 'hyperlens' produces magnified images of objects smaller than the wavelength of the imaging light.
Evgenii E. Narimanov & Vladimir M. Shalaev
doi:10.1038/447266a
Economic ecology: In the market for minke whales p267
The capture–recapture technique is a mainstay of ecology. This principle has been applied with individual genotyping to estimate how many accidentally killed minke whales reach the markets of South Korea.
Stephen R. Palumbi
doi:10.1038/447267a
Spintronics: Silicon twists p268
For decades, silicon has been the dominant material for conventional, charge-based electronics. A new twist makes silicon ripe to enter the domain of spintronics, where the new currency is electron spin.
Igor 
uti
&
Jaroslav Fabian
doi:10.1038/447269a
See also: Editor's summary
Neuroscience: Wrestling with SUMO p271
The process of SUMOylation affects various cellular events by modifying the proteins involved. In neurons, it controls receptor numbers on the cell surface, thereby regulating neuronal communication.
Françoise Coussen & Daniel Choquet
doi:10.1038/nature05888
See also: Editor's summary
Organic chemistry: Molecular cross-talk p273
There is a long way to go before artificial enzymes can reproduce the functions of the real things. The advent of systems that generate and respond to signals may bring that ideal a step closer.
Alexander Greer
doi:10.1038/447273a
50 & 100 Years Ago p274
doi:10.1038/447274a
Plant development: Parental conflict overcome p275
In flowering plants, viable seeds result even without two of the mechanisms that normally operate during embryogenesis. This finding illuminates the interplay of male and female factors in the process.
Nir Ohad
doi:10.1038/447275a
See also: Editor's summary
Genetics: Run, whippet, run p275
Sadaf Shadan
doi:10.1038/447275b
Planetary science: Cracks under stress p276
Two modelling studies provide complementary descriptions of how gravitational forces might help to form the plumes of water vapour that spout from cracks in Enceladus, one of Saturn's icy moons.
Andrew J. Dombard
doi:10.1038/447276a
See also: Editor's summary
Review
Origins of major human infectious diseases p279
Nathan D. Wolfe, Claire Panosian Dunavan & Jared Diamond
doi:10.1038/nature05775
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (221K) | Supplementary information
See also: Editor's summary
Article
A type III effector ADP-ribosylates RNA-binding proteins and quells plant immunity p284
Zheng Qing Fu, Ming Guo, Byeong-ryool Jeong, Fang Tian, Thomas E. Elthon, Ronald L. Cerny, Dorothee Staiger & James R. Alfano
doi:10.1038/nature05737
Abstract | Full Text | PDF (585K) | Supplementary information
See also: Editor's summary
Letters
Shear heating as the origin of the plumes and heat flux on Enceladus p289
F. Nimmo, J. R. Spencer, R. T. Pappalardo & M. E. Mullen
doi:10.1038/nature05783
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (325K) | Supplementary information
See also: Editor's summary | News and Views by Dombard
Eruptions arising from tidally controlled periodic openings of rifts on Enceladus p292
T. A. Hurford, P. Helfenstein, G. V. Hoppa, R. Greenberg & B. G. Bills
doi:10.1038/nature05821
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (461K) | Supplementary information
See also: Editor's summary | News and Views by Dombard
Electronic measurement and control of spin transport in silicon p295
Ian Appelbaum, Biqin Huang & Douwe J. Monsma
doi:10.1038/nature05803
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (371K)
See also: Editor's summary | News and Views by uti & Fabian
Annealing-induced interfacial toughening using a molecular nanolayer p299
Darshan D. Gandhi, Michael Lane, Yu Zhou, Amit P. Singh, Saroj Nayak, Ulrike Tisch, Moshe Eizenberg & Ganapathiraman Ramanath
doi:10.1038/nature05826
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (482K) | Supplementary information
Survival times of anomalous melt inclusions from element diffusion in olivine and chromite p303
C. Spandler, H. St C. O'Neill & V. S. Kamenetsky
doi:10.1038/nature05759
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (429K) | Supplementary information
See also: Editor's summary
First insights into the biodiversity and biogeography of the Southern Ocean deep sea p307
Angelika Brandt, Andrew J. Gooday, Simone N. Brandão, Saskia Brix, Wiebke Brökeland, Tomas Cedhagen, Madhumita Choudhury, Nils Cornelius, Bruno Danis, Ilse De Mesel, Robert J. Diaz, David C. Gillan, Brigitte Ebbe, John A. Howe, Dorte Janussen, Stefanie Kaiser, Katrin Linse, Marina Malyutina, Jan Pawlowski, Michael Raupach & Ann Vanreusel
doi:10.1038/nature05827
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (676K) | Supplementary information
See also: Editor's summary
Bypassing genomic imprinting allows seed development p312
Moritz K. Nowack, Reza Shirzadi, Nico Dissmeyer, Andreas Dolf, Elmar Endl, Paul E. Grini & Arp Schnittger
doi:10.1038/nature05770
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (565K) | Supplementary information
See also: Editor's summary | News and Views by Ohad
Wnt-dependent de novo hair follicle regeneration in adult mouse skin after wounding p316
Mayumi Ito, Zaixin Yang, Thomas Andl, Chunhua Cui, Noori Kim, Sarah E. Millar & George Cotsarelis
doi:10.1038/nature05766
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (1,633K) | Supplementary information
See also: Editor's summary | News and Views by Chuong
SUMOylation regulates kainate-receptor-mediated synaptic transmission p321
Stéphane Martin, Atsushi Nishimune, Jack R. Mellor & Jeremy M. Henley
doi:10.1038/nature05736
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (1,917K) | Supplementary information
See also: Editor's summary | News and Views by Coussen & Choquet
Herpesvirus latency confers symbiotic protection from bacterial infection p326
Erik S. Barton, Douglas W. White, Jason S. Cathelyn, Kelly A. Brett-McClellan, Michael Engle, Michael S. Diamond, Virginia L. Miller & Herbert W. Virgin, IV
doi:10.1038/nature05762
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (433K) | Supplementary information
See also: Editor's summary
Helicobacter pylori CagA targets PAR1/MARK kinase to disrupt epithelial cell polarity p330
Iraj Saadat, Hideaki Higashi, Chikashi Obuse, Mayumi Umeda, Naoko Murata-Kamiya, Yasuhiro Saito, Huaisheng Lu, Naomi Ohnishi, Takeshi Azuma, Atsushi Suzuki, Shigeo Ohno & Masanori Hatakeyama
doi:10.1038/nature05765
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (827K) | Supplementary information
See also: Editor's summary
Alp7/TACC is a crucial target in Ran-GTPase-dependent spindle formation in fission yeast p334
Masamitsu Sato & Takashi Toda
doi:10.1038/nature05773
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (825K) | Supplementary information
RNA-templated DNA repair p338
Francesca Storici, Katarzyna Bebenek, Thomas A. Kunkel, Dmitry A. Gordenin & Michael A. Resnick
doi:10.1038/nature05720
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (350K) | Supplementary information
Structural basis for cofactor-independent dioxygenation in vancomycin biosynthesis p342
Paul F. Widboom, Elisha N. Fielding, Ye Liu & Steven D. Bruner
doi:10.1038/nature05702
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (650K) | Supplementary information
Addendum
Specific killing of BRCA2-deficient tumours with inhibitors of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase p346
Helen E. Bryant, Niklas Schultz, Huw D. Thomas, Kayan M. Parker, Dan Flower, Elena Lopez, Suzanne Kyle, Mark Meuth, Nicola J. Curtin & Thomas Helleday
doi:10.1038/nature05789
Corrigendum
Sheep don't forget a face p346
Keith M. Kendrick, Ana P. da Costa, Andrea E. Leigh, Michael R. Hinton & Jon W. Peirce
doi:10.1038/nature05882
Full Text | PDF (69K) | Supplementary information
Naturejobs
ProspectCreating better lab websites gives potential collaborators and recruiters a clearer window into your world. p347
Paul Smaglik
doi:10.1038/nj7142-347a
Special Report
The global challenge p348
The international effort to address the health crisis in the developing world is providing a wealth of career opportunities. Virginia Gewin reports.
Virginia Gewin
doi:10.1038/nj7142-348a
Career Views
Tsuyoshi Kimura, professor, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Japan p350
Seeking to teach, Bell Labs scientist Tuyoshi Kimura heads home.
Magdalena Wutte
doi:10.1038/nj7142-350a
Practical applications p350
How I found a way out of the academic career track.
Daniel Rizzuto
doi:10.1038/nj7142-350b
Collegial science p350
As a scientist, I crave collaboration.
Peter Jordan
doi:10.1038/nj7142-350c
Recruiters
The inside track from academia and industry: All things being equal p352
Germany now has a law to eliminate discrimination — but interpreting it is proving to be a challenge.
Jens-Peter Mayer
doi:10.1038/nj7142-352a
Highlights
Opportunities: The National Institutes of Health
doi:10.1038/nj0159