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Nature ${rb.getVolume()}, 523-527 (1 February 2007) | doi:10.1038/nature05452;
Open Innovation Challenges
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Fast Growth of Transformed Soybean Shoots
A method for accelerating growth of soybean shoots is desired.
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Protect Enzyme from In Planta Degradation
A proposal for stable expression of an enzyme in corn seed is desired.
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A molecular information ratchet
Motor proteins and other biological machines are highly efficient at converting energy into directed motion and driving chemical systems away from thermodynamic equilibrium. But even though these biological structures have inspired the design of many molecules that mimic aspects of their behaviour, artificial nanomachine systems operate almost exclusively by moving towards thermodynamic equilibrium, not away from it.
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