Table of contents
Volume 445 Number 7126 pp339-451
In this issue (25 January 2007)
Also this week
(this content only available online) indicates content that is available online only
Editorials
Grounds for optimism p339
A summit of Africa's leaders marks a deepening commitment to science and technology in the continent.
doi:10.1038/445339a
See also: Editor's summary
Clock-watching p339
Time for a change?
doi:10.1038/445339b
Making connections p340
A series of essays is launched in Nature.
doi:10.1038/445340a
See also: Editor's summary
News
Special reportSaving time p344
Politicians in the United Kingdom and United States have launched efforts to extend daylight-saving measures — hoping to save lives, cut power use and combat carbon emissions. But energy experts say that it's not that easy. Michael Hopkin reports.
Michael Hopkin
doi:10.1038/445344a
How to drive light round the wrong bend p346
Negative refraction achieved at visible wavelengths.
Katharine Sanderson
doi:10.1038/445346a
PR's 'pit bull' takes on open access p347
Journal publishers lock horns with free-information movement.
Jim Giles
doi:10.1038/445347a
Interrogation comes under fire p349
Tough questioning tactics lack scientific foundation, intelligence agencies told.
Geoff Brumfiel
doi:10.1038/445349a
Sidelines p349
doi:10.1038/445349b
India's carbon dioxide trap p350
Volcanic hills could sequester greenhouse gas.
K. S. Jayaraman
doi:10.1038/445350a
Rebels hold their own in journal price war p351
Breakaway publications make their mark.
Declan Butler
doi:10.1038/445351a
Business
Crunch time for multiple-gene tests p354
Sophisticated new genetic tests face an uncertain future — unless they can win clear-cut approval from regulators, insurers and, most importantly, doctors. Virginia Gewin reports.
doi:10.1038/445354a
In brief p355
doi:10.1038/445355a
Market watch p355
doi:10.1038/445355b
News Features
Science in Africa: All eyes on Addis p356
Next week, African leaders will come together to talk about science and technology at a summit in Ethiopia. This presents an opportunity to allot some foreign aid and, if they get it right, to launch projects that will draw further donations from abroad, says Michael Cherry.
doi:10.1038/445356a
See also: Editor's summary
Neuroscience: It's all in the timing p359
Taking hormones to replace those lost during menopause helps many women with their symptoms, yet it may also cause cognitive decline. Could the age at which hormones are taken determine whether they will be beneficial or harmful? Tom Siegfried reports.
doi:10.1038/445359a
High-density memory: A switch in time p362
By 2020 the semiconductor industry wants a memory device that can store a trillion bits of information in an area the size of a postage stamp. As companies race towards this goal, chemists are coming up with an unusual approach. Philip Ball reports.
doi:10.1038/445362a
See also: Editor's summary
Correspondence
Journals should set a new standard in transparency p364
Robert P. Dellavalle, Kristy Lundahl, Scott R. Freeman & Lisa M. Schilling
doi:10.1038/445364a
Wise words from women aren't among top sellers p364
Kathleen Taylor
doi:10.1038/445364b
Polluting effects of Brazil's sugar-ethanol industry p364
Luiz Antonio Martinelli & Solange Filoso
doi:10.1038/445364c
Magenta and yellow in images is not a bright idea p364
John Runions
doi:10.1038/445364d
Books and Arts
Dark days at the White House p365
Has the George W. Bush administration manipulated science for political ends?
John Horgan reviews Undermining Science: Suppression and Distortion in the Bush Administration by Seth Shulman
doi:10.1038/445365a
See also: Editor's summary
The Universe's quantum monkeys p366
Artur Ekert reviews Programming the Universe: A Quantum Computer Scientist Takes On the Cosmos by Seth Lloyd
doi:10.1038/445366a
Cover story p367
John Galloway reviews Skin: A Natural History by Nina G. Jablonski
doi:10.1038/445367a
Science in culture p368
Chart toppers
An exhibition explores the diverse ways of putting data on the map.
Martin Kemp
doi:10.1038/445368a
Essay
ConnectionsBiology's next revolution p369
The emerging picture of microbes as gene-swapping collectives demands a revision of such concepts as organism, species and evolution itself.
Nigel Goldenfeld & Carl Woese
doi:10.1038/445369a
See also: Editor's summary
News and Views
Mathematical physics: On the right scent p371
Searching for the source of a smell is hampered by the absence of pervasive local cues that point the searcher in the right direction. A strategy based on maximal information could show the way.
Dominique Martinez
doi:10.1038/445371a
See also: Editor's summary
Atomic physics: The social life of atoms p372
In a trail-blazing experiment 50 years ago, it was observed that photons from far-off stars bunch up. But in fact there's a more general distinction among free, non-interacting particles: bosons bunch, and fermions 'antibunch'.
Maciej Lewenstein
doi:10.1038/445372a
See also: Editor's summary
Surface chemistry: Repellent legs p373
Andrew Mitchinson
doi:10.1038/445373a
Structural biology: Pass the protein p375
Modifier proteins, such as ubiquitin, are passed sequentially between trios of enzymes, like batons in a relay race. Crystal structures suggest the mechanism of transfer between the first two enzymes.
Jean-François Trempe & Jane A. Endicott
doi:10.1038/nature05564
50 & 100 Years Ago p376
doi:10.1038/445376a
Planetary science: Inside Enceladus p376
Chemical analysis of a plume emanating from near the south pole of Enceladus indicates that the interior of this saturnian moon is hot. Could it have been hot enough for complex organic molecules to be made?
John Spencer & David Grinspoon
doi:10.1038/445376b
Biogeography: Bounty beneath the Nullarbor p377
Tim Lincoln
doi:10.1038/445377a
See also: Editor's summary
Cell biology: Chromosome territories p379
The natural habitat of eukaryotic genomes is the cell nucleus, where each chromosome is confined to a discrete region, referred to as a chromosome territory. This spatial organization is emerging as a crucial aspect of gene regulation and genome stability in health and disease.
Karen J. Meaburn & Tom Misteli
doi:10.1038/445379a
See also: Editor's summary
Progress
Empirical fitness landscapes reveal accessible evolutionary paths p383
Frank J. Poelwijk, Daniel J. Kiviet, Daniel M. Weinreich & Sander J. Tans
doi:10.1038/nature05451
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (410K)
See also: Editor's summary
Articles
Coupling substrate and ion binding to extracellular gate of a sodium-dependent aspartate transporter p387
Olga Boudker, Renae M. Ryan, Dinesh Yernool, Keiko Shimamoto & Eric Gouaux
doi:10.1038/nature05455
Abstract | Full Text | PDF (912K) | Supplementary information
Basis for a ubiquitin-like protein thioester switch toggling E1–E2 affinity p394
Danny T. Huang, Harold W. Hunt, Min Zhuang, Melanie D. Ohi, James M. Holton & Brenda A. Schulman
doi:10.1038/nature05490
Abstract | Full Text | PDF (888K) | Supplementary information
See also: News and Views by Trempe & Endicott
Letters
An unexpected cooling effect in Saturn's upper atmosphere p399
C. G. A. Smith, A. D. Aylward, G. H. Millward, S. Miller & L. E. Moore
doi:10.1038/nature05518
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (432K) | Supplementary information
See also: Editor's summary
Comparison of the Hanbury Brown–Twiss effect for bosons and fermions p402
T. Jeltes, J. M. McNamara, W. Hogervorst, W. Vassen, V. Krachmalnicoff, M. Schellekens, A. Perrin, H. Chang, D. Boiron, A. Aspect & C. I. Westbrook
doi:10.1038/nature05513
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (263K) | Supplementary information
See also: Editor's summary | News and Views by Lewenstein
'Infotaxis' as a strategy for searching without gradients p406
Massimo Vergassola, Emmanuel Villermaux & Boris I. Shraiman
doi:10.1038/nature05464
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (277K) | Supplementary information
See also: Editor's summary | News and Views by Martinez
Transformation of spin information into large electrical signals using carbon nanotubes p410
Luis E. Hueso, José M. Pruneda, Valeria Ferrari, Gavin Burnell, José P. Valdés-Herrera, Benjamin D. Simons, Peter B. Littlewood, Emilio Artacho, Albert Fert & Neil D. Mathur
doi:10.1038/nature05507
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (355K) | Supplementary information
A 160-kilobit molecular electronic memory patterned at 1011 bits per square centimetre p414
Jonathan E. Green, Jang Wook Choi, Akram Boukai, Yuri Bunimovich, Ezekiel Johnston-Halperin, Erica DeIonno, Yi Luo, Bonnie A. Sheriff, Ke Xu, Young Shik Shin, Hsian-Rong Tseng, J. Fraser Stoddart & James R. Heath
doi:10.1038/nature05462
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (894K) | Supplementary information
See also: Editor's summary
Inconsistent correlation of seismic layer 2a and lava layer thickness in oceanic crust p418
Gail L. Christeson, Kirk D. McIntosh & Jeffrey A. Karson
doi:10.1038/nature05517
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (1,786K) | Supplementary information
See also: Editor's summary
An arid-adapted middle Pleistocene vertebrate fauna from south-central Australia p422
Gavin J. Prideaux, John A. Long, Linda K. Ayliffe, John C. Hellstrom, Brad Pillans, Walter E. Boles, Mark N. Hutchinson, Richard G. Roberts, Matthew L. Cupper, Lee J. Arnold, Paul D. Devine & Natalie M. Warburton
doi:10.1038/nature05471
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (574K) | Supplementary information
See also: Editor's summary | News and Views by Lincoln
Retention of transcriptionally active cryptophyte nuclei by the ciliate Myrionecta rubra p426
Matthew D. Johnson, David Oldach, Charles F. Delwiche & Diane K. Stoecker
doi:10.1038/nature05496
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (310K) | Supplementary information
See also: Editor's summary
Fish can infer social rank by observation alone p429
Logan Grosenick, Tricia S. Clement & Russell D. Fernald
doi:10.1038/nature05511
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (368K) | Supplementary information
See also: Editor's summary
Feedback inhibition of calcineurin and Ras by a dual inhibitory protein Carabin p433
Fan Pan, Luo Sun, David B. Kardian, Katharine A. Whartenby, Drew M. Pardoll & Jun O. Liu
doi:10.1038/nature05476
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (382K) | Supplementary information
Escape from HER-family tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy by the kinase-inactive HER3 p437
Natalia V. Sergina, Megan Rausch, Donghui Wang, Jimmy Blair, Byron Hann, Kevan M. Shokat & Mark M. Moasser
doi:10.1038/nature05474
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (1,507K) | Supplementary information
See also: Editor's summary
Mitotic occupancy and lineage-specific transcriptional control of rRNA genes by Runx2 p442
Daniel W. Young, Mohammad Q. Hassan, Jitesh Pratap, Mario Galindo, Sayyed K. Zaidi, Suk-hee Lee, Xiaoqing Yang, Ronglin Xie, Amjad Javed, Jean M. Underwood, Paul Furcinitti, Anthony N. Imbalzano, Sheldon Penman, Jeffrey A. Nickerson, Martin A. Montecino, Jane B. Lian, Janet L. Stein, Andre J. van Wijnen & Gary S. Stein
doi:10.1038/nature05473
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (715K) | Supplementary information
The APOBEC-2 crystal structure and functional implications for the deaminase AID p447
Courtney Prochnow, Ronda Bransteitter, Michael G. Klein, Myron F. Goodman & Xiaojiang S. Chen
doi:10.1038/nature05492
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (1,386K) | Supplementary information
Naturejobs
ProspectA better deal for postdocs and their mentors? p453
Paul Smaglik
doi:10.1038/nj7126-453a
Special Report
Lost in translation p454
English is the language of science. So to what extent are researchers who are non-native English speakers at a disadvantage? Bonnie Lee La Madeleine talks to scientists hailing from Japan to Germany.
Bonnie Lee La Madeleine
doi:10.1038/nj7126-454a
Recruitment
A degree of professionalism p458
There's a growing career path for students who like science, but don't want to be academics.
Michael S. Teitelbaum & Virginia T. Cox
doi:10.1038/nj7126-458a
