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Nature 444, 1018-1019 (21 December 2006) | doi:10.1038/4441018a; Published online 21 December 2006
Mathematics: Proof at a roll of the dice
Bernard Chazelle1
Abstract
The PCP theorem encapsulates the idea that randomization allows the immediate verification of any mathematical proof. A simple route to this striking result was proposed earlier this year.
Many branches of mathematics have their signature numbers: geometry has the transcendental 
; analysis Euler's exponential e; and algebra the imaginary unit, the square-root of -1, i. These numbers are the stars of exotic — but seemingly quite separate — worlds scattered across the vast expanse of the mathematical cosmos.
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