How electrical oscillations during sleep help us to remember things.
doi:10.1038/7119xiiia
Table of contents
Volume 444 Number 7119 pp519-652
(this content only available online) indicates content that is available online only
Making the paper: Jan Born pxiii
Abstractions pxiii
doi:10.1038/7119xiiib
Key Contacts pxiii
doi:10.1038/7119xiiic
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Editorials
Our emperors have no clothes p519
The ITER fusion project demonstrates a solidity of purpose that is sorely lacking across the rest of the energy research spectrum.
doi:10.1038/444519a
A little regulation p520
Regulators are beginning cautiously to navigate the uncharted waters of nanotechnology.
doi:10.1038/444520a
Not the end of an era p520
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News
Methane quashes green credentials of hydropower p524
Emissions from tropical dams can exceed fossil-fuel plants.
Jim Giles
doi:10.1038/444524a
Preprint analysis quantifies scientific plagiarism p524
Physics papers reveal few serious breaches but some duplication.
Jim Giles
doi:10.1038/444524b
Sidelines p526
doi:10.1038/444526a
A space dilemma: extend missions or start afresh? p526
Loss of Mars probe prompts bout of soul searching.
Katharine Sanderson
doi:10.1038/444526b
Amazon puts network power online p528
Cost-effective supercomputing wins academic praise.
Declan Butler
doi:10.1038/444528a
Snapshot: A womb with a view p529
Past drought hints at Africa's future p529
History offers insight into climate patterns.
Michael Hopkin
doi:10.1038/444529b
Japan speeds up nuclear physics p530
RIKEN's accelerator upgrade targets heavy-element synthesis.
Ichiko Fuyuno
doi:10.1038/444530a
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Business
The bitterest pill p532
Drug companies lose hundreds of millions of dollars when large-scale human clinical trials fail. Helen Pearson examines whether alternative procedures could help avoid such disappointments.
doi:10.1038/444532a
In brief p533
doi:10.1038/444533a
Market Watch p533
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News Features
In search of lost time p534
The ancient Antikythera Mechanism doesn't just challenge our assumptions about technology transfer over the ages — it gives us fresh insights into history itself.
Jo Marchant
doi:10.1038/444534a
Plantecology: The cost of leafing p539
Understanding the trade-offs involved for plants making leaves promises fresh insights on every scale from the plant to the planet, finds John Whitfield
John Whitfield
doi:10.1038/444539a
The earth-eaters p543
Research suggests that consuming soil may have more health implications than one might expect. Trevor Stokes sieves through the reasons why people include dirt in their diet.
Trevor Stokes
doi:10.1038/444543a
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Correspondence
Islam: governments need to reform education and build a scientific culture p545
Islam: science is held back by paternalistic traditions p545
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Books and Arts
The Hungarian martians p547
Five of Budapest's finest changed the world in the twentieth century.
doi:10.1038/444547a
Women or just good scientists? p548
doi:10.1038/444548a
Understanding cancer p549
doi:10.1038/444549a
Detecting hidden objects p549
doi:10.1038/444549b
Science in culture p550
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News and Views
考古学：古代ギリシャの高等技術
Archaeology: High tech from Ancient Greece p551
The Antikythera Mechanism, salvaged 100 years ago from an ancient shipwreck, was long known to be some sort of mechanical calendar. But modern analysis is only now revealing just how sophisticated it was.
François Charette
doi:10.1038/444551a
日本語要約 | Full Text | PDF (244K)
幹細胞生物学：正しい方向への動き
Stem-cell biology: A move in the right direction p552
Stem-cell therapy is valued for its potential to restore damaged or degenerating tissues. Stem cells are now regularly used to renew blood, and it looks as if the next success could be in treating dystrophic muscle.
Jeffrey S. Chamberlain
doi:10.1038/nature05406
日本語要約 | Full Text | PDF (295K)
生物化学：DNAの拡大版
Chemical biology: A broader take on DNA p553
Slipping in extra benzene rings creates a broader DNA double helix that is similar to, but different from, natural DNA. Importantly, it can encode more genetic information — and that could have wide implications.
Aaron M. Leconte and Floyd E. Romesberg
doi:10.1038/444553a
日本語要約 | Full Text | PDF (371K)
保全生物学：希少種のつらさ
Conservation biology: Rarity bites p555
Rare species have to cope not only with habitat loss, genetic bottlenecks and invasive competitors, but also with a self-reinforcing cycle of human greed. This last threat has now been dragged into the spotlight.
Barry W. Brook, B W and Navjot S. Sodhi, N S
doi:10.1038/444555a
日本語要約 | Full Text | PDF (335K)
50 & 100 Years Ago p556
doi:10.1038/444556a
有機化学：隔離された分子
Organic Chemistry: Molecules in quarantine p557
Intermediate compounds are often produced during a chemical reaction, but they are too short-lived to be easily observed. It seems that a molecular pyramid can persuade them to stick around for a little longer.
Julius Rebek, Jr
doi:10.1038/444557a
日本語要約 | Full Text | PDF (146K)
神経科学：眠りは記憶を増強する
Neuroscience: A memory boost while you sleep p559
It is generally agreed that sleep aids memory consolidation, but the reasons for this are a mystery. Part of the answer may lie in the patterns of synchronous brain activity unique to the state of slumber.
Robert Stickgold
doi:10.1038/nature05309
デバイス物理学：テラヘルツ変調器
Device physics: A terahertz modulator p560
Tiny metal resonators can be used to create a material with tunable responses to an applied voltage. Combined with a semiconductor substrate, they can be used to control technologically promising terahertz radiation.
Mittleman Daniel
doi:10.1038/444560a
システム生物学：1つから出たたくさん
Systems Biology: Many things from one p561
Cells of the same type can generate diverse sets of physiological traits from a single set of genes. Part of this diversity could stem from 'noise' that arises from variations in the way proteins are expressed.
John R. S. Newman and Jonathan S. Weissman
doi:10.1038/nature05407
日本語要約 | Full Text | PDF (166K)
水文学：高いところから来る水
Hydrology: Water from on high p562
Data on changes in water storage in the Congo basin show how GRACE, a pair of satellites designed to record variations in Earth's gravitational field, is benefiting the study of the planet's water cycle.
Dennis P. Lettenmaier and James S. Famiglietti
doi:10.1038/444562a
日本語要約 | Full Text | PDF (192K)
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Brief Communications
Wood used by Stradivari and Guarneri p565
The material used by the old masters to make exquisite violins may have been chemically manipulated.
Joseph Nagyvary, Joseph A. DiVerdi, Noel L. Owen and H. Dennis Tolley
doi:10.1038/444565a
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (215K) | Supplementary information
Oenology: Red wine procyanidins and vascular health p566
R. Corder, W. Mullen, N. Q. Khan, S. C. Marks, E. G. Wood, M. J. Carrier and A. Crozier
doi:10.1038/444566a
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (176K) | Supplementary information
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Brief Communications Arising
Astrochemistry: Complex organic matter in Titan's aerosols? pE6
Astrochemistry: Complex organic matter in Titan's aerosols? (Reply) pE6
G. Israël, C. Szopa, F. Raulin, M. Cabane, H. B. Niemann, S. K. Atreya, S. J. Bauer, J.-F. Brun, E. Chassefière, P. Coll, E. Condé, D. Coscia, A. Hauchecorne, P. Millian, M. J. Nguyen, T. Owen, W. Riedler, R. E. Samuelson, J.-M. Siguier, M. Steller, R. Sternberg and C. Vidal-Madjar
doi:10.1038/nature05418
Fractal Analysis: Revisiting Pollock's drip paintings pE9
Katherine Jones-Smith and Harsh Mathur
doi:10.1038/nature05398
Fractal Analysis: Revisiting Pollock's drip paintings (Reply) pE10
R. P. Taylor, A. P. Micolich and D. Jonas
doi:10.1038/nature05399
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Review
細胞：III型分泌装置による真核細胞内へのタンパク質の送達
Protein delivery into eukaryotic cells by type III secretion machines p567
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Articles
医学：中胚葉性血管芽細胞である幹細胞はジストロフィーを発症したイヌの筋機能を改善する
Mesoangioblast stem cells ameliorate muscle function in dystrophic dogs p574
Maurilio Sampaolesi, Stephane Blot, Giuseppe D'Antona, Nicolas Granger, Rossana Tonlorenzi, Anna Innocenzi, Paolo Mognol, Jean-Lauren Thibaud, Beatriz G. Galvez, Ines Barthélémy, Laura Perani, Sara Mantero, Maria Guttinger, Orietta Pansarasa, Chiara Rinaldi, M. Gabriella Cusella De Angelis, Yvan Torrente, Claudio Bordignon, Roberto Bottinelli and Giulio Cossu
doi:10.1038/nature05282
日本語要約 | Full Text | PDF (1,032K) | Supplementary information
遺伝：Nova依存性スプライシング調節の存在を予測するRNAマップ
An RNA map predicting Nova-dependent splicing regulation p580
Jernej Ule, Giovanni Stefani, Aldo Mele, Matteo Ruggiu, Xuning Wang, Bahar Taneri, Terry Gaasterland, Benjamin J. Blencowe and Robert B. Darnell
doi:10.1038/nature05304
日本語要約 | Full Text | PDF (1,073K) | Supplementary information
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Letters
考古学：「アンティキティラの機械」として知られる古代ギリシャの天文学計算機の謎を解く
Decoding the ancient Greek astronomical calculator known as the Antikythera Mechanism p587
T. Freeth, Y. Bitsakis, X. Moussas, J. H. Seiradakis, A. Tselikas, H. Mangou, M. Zafeiropoulou, R. Hadland, D. Bate, A. Ramsey, M. Allen, A. Crawley, P. Hockley, T. Malzbender, D. Gelb, W. Ambrisco and M. G. Edmunds
doi:10.1038/nature05357
日本語要約 | Full Text | PDF (1,114K) | Supplementary information
統計学：順位時計
Rank clocks p592
材料：テラヘルツ・メタマテリアル能動デバイス
Active terahertz metamaterial devices p597
Hou-Tong Chen, Willie J. Padilla, Joshua M. O. Zide, Arthur C. Gossard, Antoinette J. Taylor and Richard D. Averitt
doi:10.1038/nature05343
海洋：過去千年間のメキシコ湾流の密度構造と輸送量
Gulf Stream density structure and transport during the past millennium p601
David C. Lund, Jean Lynch-Stieglitz and William B. Curry
doi:10.1038/nature05277
地球：マウナケア火山から得られたハワイプリュームの岩石学的性質と温度構造
Petrology and thermal structure of the Hawaiian plume from Mauna Kea volcano p605
神経：睡眠中の緩徐振動の補強は記憶を増強する
Boosting slow oscillations during sleep potentiates memory p610
Lisa Marshall, Halla Helgadóttir, Matthias Mölle and Jan Born
doi:10.1038/nature05278
遺伝：遺伝子量補償複合体によるX染色体抑制のためにDNAモチーフ集団がX染色体を標識する
Clustered DNA motifs mark X chromosomes for repression by a dosage compensation complex p614
Patrick McDonel, Judith Jans, Brant K. Peterson and Barbara J. Meyer
doi:10.1038/nature05338
細胞：線虫（Caenorhabditis elegans）の中心小体の集合
Centriole assembly in Caenorhabditis elegans p619
Laurence Pelletier, Eileen O'Toole, Anne Schwager, Anthony A. Hyman and Thomas Müller-Reichert
doi:10.1038/nature05318
日本語要約 | Full Text | PDF (1,083K) | Supplementary information
細胞：p63は減数分裂休止中の雌の生殖細胞系列を保護する
p63 protects the female germ line during meiotic arrest p624
Eun-Kyung Suh, Annie Yang, Arminja Kettenbach, Casimir Bamberger, Ala H. Michaelis, Zhou Zhu, Julia A. Elvin, Roderick T. Bronson, Christopher P. Crum and Frank McKeon
doi:10.1038/nature05337
細胞：Smyd2を介するメチル化によるp53活性の抑制
Repression of p53 activity by Smyd2-mediated methylation p629
Jing Huang, Laura Perez-Burgos, Brandon J. Placek, Roopsha Sengupta, Mario Richter, Jean A. Dorsey, Stefan Kubicek, Susanne Opravil, Thomas Jenuwein and Shelley L. Berger
doi:10.1038/nature05287
腫瘍：がん遺伝子によって誘導される老化はDNA損傷チェックポイントによる腫瘍発生障壁の一部である
Oncogene-induced senescence is part of the tumorigenesis barrier imposed by DNA damage checkpoints p633
Jirina Bartkova, Nousin Rezaei, Michalis Liontos, Panagiotis Karakaidos, Dimitris Kletsas, Natalia Issaeva, Leandros-Vassilios F. Vassiliou, Evangelos Kolettas, Katerina Niforou, Vassilis C. Zoumpourlis, Munenori Takaoka, Hiroshi Nakagawa, Frederic Tort, Kasper Fugger, Fredrik Johansson, Maxwell Sehested, Claus L. Andersen, Lars Dyrskjot, Torben Ørntoft, Jiri Lukas, Christos Kittas, Thomas Helleday, Thanos D. Halazonetis, Jiri Bartek and Vassilis G. Gorgoulis
doi:10.1038/nature05268
腫瘍：がん遺伝子によって誘導される老化はDNAの過剰な複製によって引き起こされるDNA損傷応答である
Oncogene-induced senescence is a DNA damage response triggered by DNA hyper-replication p638
Raffaella Di Micco, Marzia Fumagalli, Angelo Cicalese, Sara Piccinin, Patrizia Gasparini, Chiara Luise, Catherine Schurra, Massimiliano Garre', Paolo Giovanni Nuciforo, Aaron Bensimon, Roberta Maestro, Pier Giuseppe Pelicci and Fabrizio d'Adda di Fagagna
doi:10.1038/nature05327
日本語要約 | Full Text | PDF (1,280K) | Supplementary information
細胞：ヒト細胞のタンパク質量の変動性とその記憶
Variability and memory of protein levels in human cells p643
Alex Sigal, Ron Milo, Ariel Cohen, Naama Geva-Zatorsky, Yael Klein, Yuvalal Liron, Nitzan Rosenfeld, Tamar Danon, Natalie Perzov and Uri Alon
doi:10.1038/nature05316
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Special Report
Naturejobs
ProspectScientists have several reasons to be thankful. p647
Paul Smaglik
doi:10.1038/nj7119-647a
Special Report
Bio Bonanza p648
Is interest in biofuels in the United States a just fad or a growing trend that will yield numerous jobs and research opportunities? Gene Russo separates the wheat from the chaff.
Gene Russo
doi:10.1038/nj7119-648a
