TABLE 1
From the following article:
The receptors and cells for mammalian taste
Jayaram Chandrashekar, Mark A. Hoon, Nicholas J. P. Ryba & Charles S. Zuker
Nature 444, 288-294(16 November 2006)
doi:10.1038/nature05401
Table 1. Tastant selectivity of candidate mammalian taste receptors.
| Tastant quality | Receptor(s) | Class of tastant | Examples of tastants |
|---|---|---|---|
*Preferentially activates mouse but not human receptors. | |||
†High concentrations of sugars, but not other sweet tastants, can also be detected by T1R3 alone15. | |||
‡Activates human but not mouse receptors and does not elicit behavioural responses in wild-type mice. | |||
§About 30 T2Rs are involved in bitter-tastant recognition. | |||
¶Mouse T2Rs; all others shown are human. There are 25 human and 35 mouse T2R bitter-taste receptors. For illustrative purposes we have included receptor?ligand matches for a number of de-orphaned T2Rs (for example, mouse T2R5 is the receptor for the protein synthesis inhibitor toxin cycloheximide). | |||
| Umami | T1R1+T1R3 | Amino acids | L-Glutamate, L-AP4, glycine*, L-amino acids* |
| Nucleotide enhancers | IMP, GMP, AMP | ||
| Sweet | T1R2+T1R3 | Sugars† | Sucrose, fructose, glucose, maltose |
| Artificial sweeteners | Saccharin, acesulfame-K, cyclamate‡, aspartame‡ | ||
| D-amino acids | D-Phenylalanine, D-alanine, D-serine (also some selective L-amino acids) | ||
| Sweet proteins‡ | Monellin, thaumatin, curculin | ||
| Bitter§ | T2R5¶ | Cycloheximide | |
| T2R8¶, T2R4, T2R44 | Denatonium | ||
| T2R16 | Salicin‡ | ||
| T2R38 | PTC‡ | ||
| T2R43,T2R44 | Saccharin | ||
| Not known | Other toxic/noxious compounds | Quinine, strychnine, atropine | |
| Sour | PKD2L1 | Acids | Citric acid, tartaric acid, acetic acid, hydrochloric acid |