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A palaeotemperature curve for the Precambrian oceans based on silicon isotopes in cherts

Nature volume 443, pages 969–972 (2006)Cite this article

Abstract

The terrestrial sediment record indicates that the Earth’s climate varied drastically in the Precambrian era (before 550 million years ago), ranging from surface temperatures similar to or higher than today’s to global glaciation events1. The most continuous record of sea surface temperatures of that time has been derived from variations in oxygen isotope ratios of cherts (siliceous sediments)2, but the long-term cooling of the oceans inferred from those data3,4,5 has been questioned because the oxygen isotope signature could have been reset through the exchange with hydrothermal fluids after deposition of the sediments6. Here we show that the silicon isotopic composition of cherts more than 550 million years old shows systematic variations with age that support the earlier conclusion of long-term ocean cooling and exclude post-depositional exchange as the main source of the isotopic variations. In agreement with other lines of evidence1,7, a model of the silicon cycle in the Precambrian era shows that the observed silicon isotope variations imply seawater temperature changes from about 70 °C 3,500 million years ago to about 20 °C 800 million years ago.

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Figure 1: Variation in chert δ 18 O values with geological age.
Figure 2: Variation of δ 30 Si with δ 18 O values and geological age for samples with the highest δ 18 O values.
Figure 3: Variations of δ 30 Si with δ 18 O values for samples with low δ 18 O values (δ 18 O < δ 18 O KL  - 6‰).
Figure 4: Variations in oceanic temperatures modelled from the δ30Si values from cherts (grey area) compared with the curve proposed from δ18O values3.

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Acknowledgements

We thank P. Knauth for constructive and critical reviews, which greatly helped in clarifying the text with regard to the qualitative significance of the thermometric equations proposed for silicon isotopes. We thank W. Schopf, S. Awramik, P. Knauth and the late S. Epstein for providing an unlimited and disinterested access to the most representative samples of their own collections. Author Contributions Both authors contributed equally to this work.

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  1. Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS LEME NanoAnalyses, UMS 2679, 57 rue Cuvier, 75005, Paris, France

    François Robert

  2. Centre de Recherches Pétrographiques et Géochimiques, CRPG-CNRS BP20, 54501, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France

    Marc Chaussidon

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Correspondence to François Robert.

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Robert, F., Chaussidon, M. A palaeotemperature curve for the Precambrian oceans based on silicon isotopes in cherts. Nature 443, 969–972 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1038/nature05239

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