Editorials

AIDS and the private sector p723

It will take more than awareness to slow the HIV pandemic in Africa.

doi:10.1038/443723a

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Striving for excellence p723

A German exercise to foster élite universities began inauspiciously but is a step in the right direction.

doi:10.1038/443723b

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A state of flux p724

A fresh start beckons for the politics of US science.

doi:10.1038/443724a

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Research Highlights

Research highlights p726

doi:10.1038/443726a

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News

Iraqi death toll withstands scrutiny p728

Conflict epidemiology study counts the cost of war.

Jim Giles

doi:10.1038/443728a

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Snapshot: Light show p729

Cassini captures the dark side of Saturn.

Nicola Jones

doi:10.1038/443729a

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Is ice on the Moon just a mirage? p730

Radar images dash hopes for Moonbase water supply.

Katharine Sanderson

doi:10.1038/443730a

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Missing results might have rung warning bell over trial drug p730

Drug-safety experts call for more rigorous risk assessments.

Helen Pearson

doi:10.1038/443730b

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Kudos, not cash, is the real X-factor p733

X Prize targets rapid-fire sequencing of individual genomes.

Heidi Ledford

doi:10.1038/443733a

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Sidelines p734

doi:10.1038/443734a

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Japan's new premier chases innovation p734

Prime minister breaks with tradition to appoint scientist as special adviser.

Ichiko Fuyuno

doi:10.1038/443734b

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News in brief p736

doi:10.1038/443736a

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Correction p737

doi:10.1038/443737a

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Business

A firm response to AIDS p738

'Product Red' is the private sector's bid to fight HIV. But is it too little too late? Colin Macilwain investigates.

doi:10.1038/443738a

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In brief p739

doi:10.1038/443739a

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Market watch p739

Colin Macilwain

doi:10.1038/443739b

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News Features

US election: Showdown for Capitol Hill p740

Can science influence politics in the forthcoming US elections? Nature investigates how Democrats and Republicans are striving to win the hearts of voters.

doi:10.1038/443740a

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Q&A p744

Representative Rush Holt is a rare thing in the US Congress — a bona fide scientist building a promising political career. Since his election for the 12th district of New Jersey — the one containing Princeton — eight years ago, this former physicist and son of a West Virginia senator has garnered several powerful committee slots. Holt has emerged as one of the Democratic Party's most prominent spokesmen on science, education and security. Colin Macilwain asked him about the life of a scientist on Capitol Hill, and what the mid-term elections could mean for science and education.

doi:10.1038/443744a

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A life online p746

Darwin is the latest eminent scientist to get an online archive. How do these undertakings change our understanding of history, asks Henry Nicholls.

doi:10.1038/443746a

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Correspondence

Nature: the many benefits of ecosystem services p749

Walter V. Reid

doi:10.1038/443749a

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Nature: ecosystems without commodifying them p749

Robert Costanza

doi:10.1038/443749b

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Nature: poorest may see it as their economic rival p749

Michelle Marvier, Joy Grant and Peter Kareiva

doi:10.1038/443749c

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Nature: McCauley replies p750

Douglas J. McCauley

doi:10.1038/443749d

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Melanoma rates remain high in Australia p750

Jonathan Rees

doi:10.1038/443749e

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Getting the public on board for cancer screening p750

Ramesh P. Arasaradnam

doi:10.1038/443749f

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Commentary

Planning for US science policy in 2009 p751

To maximize the resources allocated to science and technology during the next US administration the science community must prepare now, argues Thomas Kalil.

doi:10.1038/443751a

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Books and Arts

What just ain't so p753

It is all too easy to underestimate the challenges posed by climate change.

Roger A. Pielke, Jr reviews Kicking the Carbon Habit: Global Warming and the Case for Renewable and Nuclear Energy by William Sweet

doi:10.1038/443753a

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The road to phage therapy p754

Sankar Adhya and Carl Merril review Viruses vs. Superbugs: A Solution to the Antibiotics Crisis? by Thomas Häusler

doi:10.1038/443754a

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Eeyore goes to Washington p755

Peter Parham reviews The Beginner's Guide to Winning the Nobel Prize: A Life in Science by Peter Doherty

doi:10.1038/443755a

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New in paperback p755

doi:10.1038/443755b

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Science in Culture: Pictures from the edge of darkness p756

Eight photographers enter the twilight zone.

Colin Martin

doi:10.1038/443756a

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News and Views

Chemistry: The promise of emptiness p757

Zeolites are materials with widespread applications. A newly synthesized example has desirably large pores, as well as the virtue of thermal stability, and shows the value of structure-prediction programs.

Raul F. Lobo

doi:10.1038/443757a

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Evolutionary biology: A kingdom revised p758

An international consortium of researchers has produced an impressive new tree of life for the kingdom Fungi. The results are a testament to cooperation between systematists with different expertise.

Tom Bruns

doi:10.1038/443758a

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Structural biology: Enzyme target to latch on to p761

Insulin-degrading enzyme is implicated in diabetes and Alzheimer's disease, but few molecular tools exist that can probe its function. A study now reveals its unusual structure and may lead to an expanded toolbox.

Malcolm A. Leissring and Dennis J. Selkoe

doi:10.1038/nature05210

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Astronomy: Andromeda's troubled past p762

Tim Lincoln

doi:10.1038/443762b

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Palaeoanthropology: Return of the last Neanderthal p762

New finds from Gibraltar date Mousterian tools to as recently as 28,000 years ago. By inference, their Neanderthal makers survived in southern Iberia long after all other well-dated occurrences of the species.

Eric Delson and Katerina Harvati

doi:10.1038/nature05207

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Brief Communications

Three-dimensional miniature endoscopy p765

A single optical fibre acts as a flexible probe to transmit a superior image of an internal landscape.

D. Yelin, I. Rizvi, W. M. White, J. T. Motz, T. Hasan, B. E. Bouma and G. J. Tearney

doi:10.1038/443765a

Full Text | PDF (212K) | Supplementary information

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Review

Evolution of the continental crust p811

C. J. Hawkesworth and A. I. S. Kemp

doi:10.1038/nature05191

Abstract | Full Text | PDF (374K)

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Articles

Reconstructing the early evolution of Fungi using a six-gene phylogeny p818

Timothy Y. James, Frank Kauff, Conrad L. Schoch, P. Brandon Matheny, Valérie Hofstetter, Cymon J. Cox, Gail Celio, Cécile Gueidan, Emily Fraker, Jolanta Miadlikowska, H. Thorsten Lumbsch, Alexandra Rauhut, Valérie Reeb, A. Elizabeth Arnold, Anja Amtoft, Jason E. Stajich, Kentaro Hosaka, Gi-Ho Sung, Desiree Johnson, Ben O'Rourke, Michael Crockett, Manfred Binder, Judd M. Curtis, Jason C. Slot, Zheng Wang, Andrew W. Wilson, Arthur Schüler, Joyce E. Longcore, Kerry O'Donnell, Sharon Mozley-Standridge, David Porter, Peter M. Letcher, Martha J. Powell, John W. Taylor, Merlin M. White, Gareth W. Griffith, David R. Davies, Richard A. Humber, Joseph B. Morton, Junta Sugiyama, Amy Y. Rossman, Jack D. Rogers, Don H. Pfister, David Hewitt, Karen Hansen, Sarah Hambleton, Robert A. Shoemaker, Jan Kohlmeyer, Brigitte Volkmann-Kohlmeyer, Robert A. Spotts, Maryna Serdani, Pedro W. Crous, Karen W. Hughes, Kenji Matsuura, Ewald Langer, Gitta Langer, Wendy A. Untereiner, Robert Lücking, Burkhard Büdel, David M. Geiser, André Aptroot, Paul Diederich, Imke Schmitt, Matthias Schultz, Rebecca Yahr, David S. Hibbett, François Lutzoni, David J. McLaughlin, Joseph W. Spatafora and Rytas Vilgalys

doi:10.1038/nature05110

Abstract | Full Text | PDF (261K) | Supplementary information

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The Mg-chelatase H subunit is an abscisic acid receptor p823

Yuan-Yue Shen, Xiao-Fang Wang, Fu-Qing Wu, Shu-Yuan Du, Zheng Cao, Yi Shang, Xiu-Ling Wang, Chang-Cao Peng, Xiang-Chun Yu, Sai-Yong Zhu, Ren-Chun Fan, Yan-Hong Xu and Da-Peng Zhang

doi:10.1038/nature05176

Abstract | Full Text | PDF (528K) | Supplementary information

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Spatially regulated ubiquitin ligation by an ER/nuclear membrane ligase p827

Min Deng and Mark Hochstrasser

doi:10.1038/nature05170

Abstract | Full Text | PDF (392K) | Supplementary information

Letters

An almost head-on collision as the origin of two off-centre rings in the Andromeda galaxy p832

D. L. Block, F. Bournaud, F. Combes, R. Groess, P. Barmby, M. L. N. Ashby, G. G. Fazio, M. A. Pahre and S. P. Willner

doi:10.1038/nature05184

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (385K) | Supplementary information

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No evidence for thick deposits of ice at the lunar south pole p835

Donald B. Campbell, Bruce A. Campbell, Lynn M. Carter, Jean-Luc Margot and Nicholas J. S. Stacy

doi:10.1038/nature05167

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (735K)

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Experimental purification of two-atom entanglement p838

R. Reichle, D. Leibfried, E. Knill, J. Britton, R. B. Blakestad, J. D. Jost, C. Langer, R. Ozeri, S. Seidelin and D. J. Wineland

doi:10.1038/nature05146

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (216K)

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High-throughput synthesis and catalytic properties of a molecular sieve with 18- and 10-member rings p842

Avelino Corma, María J. Díaz-Cabañas, José Luis Jordá, Cristina Martínez and Manuel Moliner

doi:10.1038/nature05238

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (377K) | Supplementary information

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Eastern Pacific cooling and Atlantic overturning circulation during the last deglaciation p846

Markus Kienast, Stephanie S. Kienast, Stephen E. Calvert, Timothy I. Eglinton, Gesine Mollenhauer, Roger François and Alan C. Mix

doi:10.1038/nature05222

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (345K) | Supplementary information

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Late survival of Neanderthals at the southernmost extreme of Europe p850

Clive Finlayson, Francisco Giles Pacheco, Joaquín Rodríguez-Vidal, Darren A. Fa, José María Gutierrez López, Antonio Santiago Pérez, Geraldine Finlayson, Ethel Allue, Javier Baena Preysler, Isabel Cáceres, José S. Carrión, Yolanda Fernández Jalvo, Christopher P. Gleed-Owen, Francisco J. Jimenez Espejo, Pilar López, José Antonio López Sáez, José Antonio Riquelme Cantal, Antonio Sánchez Marco, Francisco Giles Guzman, Kimberly Brown, Noemí Fuentes, Claire A. Valarino, Antonio Villalpando, Christopher B. Stringer, Francisca Martinez Ruiz and Tatsuhiko Sakamoto

doi:10.1038/nature05195

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (381K) | Supplementary information

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Novel microbial communities of the Haakon Mosby mud volcano and their role as a methane sink p854

Helge Niemann, Tina Lösekann, Dirk de Beer, Marcus Elvert, Thierry Nadalig, Katrin Knittel, Rudolf Amann, Eberhard J. Sauter, Michael Schlüter, Michael Klages, Jean Paul Foucher and Antje Boetius

doi:10.1038/nature05227

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Fishing elevates variability in the abundance of exploited species p859

Chih-hao Hsieh, Christian S. Reiss, John R. Hunter, John R. Beddington, Robert M. May and George Sugihara

doi:10.1038/nature05232

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An early evolutionary origin for the minor spliceosome p863

Anthony G. Russell, J. Michael Charette, David F. Spencer and Michael W. Gray

doi:10.1038/nature05228

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (699K) | Supplementary information

A linguistic model for the rational design of antimicrobial peptides p867

Christopher Loose, Kyle Jensen, Isidore Rigoutsos and Gregory Stephanopoulos

doi:10.1038/nature05233

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (165K) | Supplementary information

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Structures of human insulin-degrading enzyme reveal a new substrate recognition mechanism p870

Yuequan Shen, Andrzej Joachimiak, Marsha Rich Rosner and Wei-Jen Tang

doi:10.1038/nature05143

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (1,656K) | Supplementary information

See also: Editor's summary | News and Views by Leissring & Selkoe

Direct observation of individual RecA filaments assembling on single DNA molecules p875

Roberto Galletto, Ichiro Amitani, Ronald J. Baskin and Stephen C. Kowalczykowski

doi:10.1038/nature05197

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (386K) | Supplementary information

Naturejobs

Prospects p879

EMBO awardees reveal blueprints for success.

Paul Smaglik

doi:10.1038/nj7113-879a

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Luis Serrano, director, Systems Biology Research Unit, Barcelona Biomedical Research Park, Barcelona, Spain p880

Structural biologist's independent approach takes him to helm of new lab.

Virginia Gewin

doi:10.1038/nj7113-880a

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Training peer reviewers p880

Ten steps to master the art of peer review.

David A. Mackey

doi:10.1038/nj7113-880b

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Computer cold turkey p880

Technology can liberate or enslave graduate students.

Katja Bargum

doi:10.1038/nj7113-880c

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Highlight: Ohio

doi:10.1038/nj0127

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Highlight: The National Institutes of Health

doi:10.1038/nj0128

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Futures

A brief history of death switches p882

Immortal remains.

David Eagleman

doi:10.1038/443882a

Full Text | PDF (309K)