Editorials

Energy shame p1

The history of energy research highlights the importance and inadequacies of markets, and a yawning gap in the priorities of governments. It's time for a radical change.

doi:10.1038/443001a

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Beauties of synthesis p1

How to excite an organic chemist.

doi:10.1038/443001b

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Five years on p2

Immigration restrictions imposed after 11 September 2001 have eased, but improvements must continue.

doi:10.1038/443002a

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Research Highlights

Research highlights p4

doi:10.1038/443004a

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News

Safe passage p6

Lengthy visas delays and persistent security checks have turned foreign scientists away from the United States. Now the country is striving to woo them back. Geoff Brumfiel and Heidi Ledford report.

doi:10.1038/443006a

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Mix and match: the hunt for what makes us human p8

Researchers sift primate genomes for clues to why human brains are so different.

Erika Check

doi:10.1038/443008a

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Muslim council phases in lunar calendar p8

Direct sightings of the Moon will no longer define US festivals.

Ehsan Masood

doi:10.1038/443008b

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When science and theology meet p10

Catholic Church ready to reject intelligent design.

Declan Butler

doi:10.1038/443010a

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French confusion leaves Iranians locked out of meeting p10

Security concerns fuel fears that scientists may be ostracized.

Declan Butler

doi:10.1038/443010b

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Sidelines p11

doi:10.1038/443011a

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'Ethical' stem-cell paper under attack p12

Study in Nature berated for lack of clarity.

Alison Abbott

doi:10.1038/443012a

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News in brief p14

doi:10.1038/443014a

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Corrections p15

doi:10.1038/443015a

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Business

The farmyard drug store p16

Pharmaceuticals made in genetically modified animals have been poised to take off for years. Heidi Ledford investigates the reality.

doi:10.1038/443016a

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In brief p17

doi:10.1038/443017a

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Market watch p17

Alexandra Witze

doi:10.1038/443017b

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News Features

Solar energy: A new day dawning?: Silicon Valley sunrise p19

Sunlight is a ubiquitous form of energy, but not as yet an economic one. In the first of two features, Oliver Morton looks at how interest in photovoltaic research is heating up in California's Silicon Valley. In the second, Carina Dennis talks to Australian researchers hoping to harness the dawn Sun's heat.

doi:10.1038/443019a

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Solar energy: Radiation nation p23

Sunlight is a ubiquitous form of energy, but not as yet an economic one. In the first of two features, Oliver Morton looked at how interest in photovoltaic research is heating up in California's Silicon Valley. In this, the second, Carina Dennis talks to Australian researchers hoping to harness the dawn Sun's heat.

doi:10.1038/443023a

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Correspondence

Refund fertility-treatment costs for donated embryos p26

Boon Chin Heng and Tong Cao

doi:10.1038/443026a

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Dogma, not faith, is the barrier to scientific enquiry p26

U Kutschera

doi:10.1038/443026b

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Author lists: specify who did what to aid assessment p26

Marcos V C Vital

doi:10.1038/443026c

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And finally... p26

R Martyn Bracewell, Steve Tipper and Robert Rafal

doi:10.1038/443026d

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Commentary

Selling out on nature p27

With scant evidence that market-based conservation works, argues Douglas J. McCauley, the time is ripe for returning to the protection of nature for nature's sake.

doi:10.1038/443027a

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Books and Arts

Hitting the right note p29

Our ability to predict events shapes the way we listen to and appreciate music.

Petr Janata reviews Sweet Anticipation: Music and the Psychology of Expectation by David Huron

doi:10.1038/443029a

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Learning the mother tongue p30

Annette Karmiloff-Smith reviews The Infinite Gift: How Children Learn and Unlearn the Languages of the World by Charles Yang

doi:10.1038/443030a

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Blowin' in the wind p31

doi:10.1038/443031a

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A pro-darwinian tool-kit p31

Mark Pagel reviews Darwinism and its Discontents by Michael Ruse

doi:10.1038/443031b

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Essay

Reflections on Wallace p33

An unpublished paper has recently come to light, which shows that even at an early age, Alfred Russel Wallace was bold enough to approach the scientific establishment with his ideas.

Charles H. Smith

doi:10.1038/443033a

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News and Views

Cancer biology: Infectious tumour cells p35

Cancer cells are generally viewed as a problem innate to their host, but evidence is mounting that they can evolve to become infectious agents and be transmitted between individuals.

David Dingli and Martin A. Nowak

doi:10.1038/443035a

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Fluid dynamics: Turbulence lost in transience p36

Turbulence is generally regarded as a permanent feature of many fluid flows. That assumption is challenged by the claim that shear turbulence has a limited lifetime — albeit sometimes a very long one.

Daniel Perry Lathrop

doi:10.1038/443036a

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Structural biology: Antiviral drugs fit for a purposep37

Did drug researchers have a lucky break when they developed antiviral drugs for influenza? Crystal structures of enzymes from the H5N1 virus suggest that they did, and provide avenues for further exploration.

Ming Luo

doi:10.1038/nature05003

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Mathematics: Controlling our errors p38

The Sato–Tate conjecture holds that the error term occurring in many important problems in number theory conforms to a specific probability distribution. That conjecture has now been proved for a large group of cases.

Barry Mazur

doi:10.1038/443038a

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Analytical chemistry: Playing molecular tag p39

Richard Webb

doi:10.1038/443039a

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50 & 100 years ago p40

doi:10.1038/443040a

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Organic chemistry: Catalysts break symmetry p40

The creation of asymmetric molecules from symmetrical precursors is a useful strategy for organic synthesis. A new catalyst can accomplish this task through a unique, symmetry-breaking reaction.

Scott E. Denmark

doi:10.1038/443040b

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Molecular biology: Sticky end in protein synthesisp41

It's not clear what general level of accuracy is required in translating the genetic code. But the protective role of proof-reading is evident from a case in which a small mistake has a catastrophic effect.

Hervé Roy and Michael Ibba

doi:10.1038/nature05002

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Brief Communications

Nitrogen balance and Arctic throughflow p43

Waters moving east through the Arctic Ocean significantly contribute to nitrogen fixation in the Atlantic.

Michiyo Yamamoto-Kawai, Eddy Carmack and Fiona McLaughlin

doi:10.1038/443043a

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Brief Communications Arising

Planetary science: Bedrock formation at Meridiani Planum pE1

S. W. Squyres, O. Aharonson, R. E. Arvidson, J. F. Bell, III, P. R. Christensen, B. C. Clark, J. A. Crisp, W. Farrand, T. Glotch, M. P. Golombek, J. Grant, J. Grotzinger, K. E. Herkenhoff, J. R. Johnson, B. L. Jolliff, A. H. Knoll, S. M. McLennan, H. Y. McSween, J. M. Moore, J. W. Rice, Jr and N. Tosca

doi:10.1038/nature05212

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Planetary science: Bedrock formation at Meridiani Planum (Reply) pE2

Thomas M. McCollom and Brian M. Hynek

doi:10.1038/nature05213

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Articles

The structure of H5N1 avian influenza neuraminidase suggests new opportunities for drug design p45

Rupert J. Russell, Lesley F. Haire, David J. Stevens, Patrick J. Collins, Yi Pu Lin, G. Michael Blackburn, Alan J. Hay, Steven J. Gamblin and John J. Skehel

doi:10.1038/nature05114

Abstract | Full Text | PDF (457K) | Supplementary information

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Editing-defective tRNA synthetase causes protein misfolding and neurodegeneration p50

Jeong Woong Lee, Kirk Beebe, Leslie A. Nangle, Jaeseon Jang, Chantal M. Longo-Guess, Susan A. Cook, Muriel T. Davisson, John P. Sundberg, Paul Schimmel and Susan L. Ackerman

doi:10.1038/nature05096

Abstract | Full Text | PDF (760K) | Supplementary information

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Letters

Developing space weathering on the asteroid 25143 Itokawa p56

Takahiro Hiroi, Masanao Abe, Kohei Kitazato, Shinsuke Abe, Beth E. Clark, Sho Sasaki, Masateru Ishiguro and Olivier S. Barnouin-Jha

doi:10.1038/nature05073

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Finite lifetime of turbulence in shear flows p59

Björn Hof, Jerry Westerweel, Tobias M. Schneider and Bruno Eckhardt

doi:10.1038/nature05089

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A class of non-precious metal composite catalysts for fuel cells p63

Rajesh Bashyam and Piotr Zelenay

doi:10.1038/nature05118

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Enantioselective silyl protection of alcohols catalysed by an amino-acid-based small molecule p67

Yu Zhao, Jason Rodrigo, Amir H. Hoveyda and Marc L. Snapper

doi:10.1038/nature05102

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Methane bubbling from Siberian thaw lakes as a positive feedback to climate warming p71

K. M. Walter, S. A. Zimov, J. P. Chanton, D. Verbyla and F. S. Chapin, III

doi:10.1038/nature05040

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Magma heating by decompression-driven crystallization beneath andesite volcanoes p76

Jon Blundy, Kathy Cashman and Madeleine Humphreys

doi:10.1038/nature05100

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Potentiation of cortical inhibition by visual deprivation p81

Arianna Maffei, Kiran Nataraj, Sacha B. Nelson and Gina G. Turrigiano

doi:10.1038/nature05079

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Experience-dependent representation of visual categories in parietal cortex p85

David J. Freedman and John A. Assad

doi:10.1038/nature05078

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Interference among deleterious mutations favours sex and recombination in finite populations p89

Peter D. Keightley and Sarah P. Otto

doi:10.1038/nature05049

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Evidence for complete denitrification in a benthic foraminifer p93

Nils Risgaard-Petersen, Alexandra M. Langezaal, Signe Ingvardsen, Markus C. Schmid, Mike S. M. Jetten, Huub J. M. Op den Camp, Jan W. M. Derksen, Elisa Piña-Ochoa, Susanne P. Eriksson, Lars Peter Nielsen, Niels Peter Revsbech, Tomas Cedhagen and Gijsbert J. van der Zwaan

doi:10.1038/nature05070

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Soma–germline interactions coordinate homeostasis and growth in the Drosophila gonad p97

Lilach Gilboa and Ruth Lehmann

doi:10.1038/nature05068

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Sperm chromatin proteomics identifies evolutionarily conserved fertility factors p101

Diana S. Chu, Hongbin Liu, Paola Nix, Tammy F. Wu, Edward J. Ralston, John R. Yates III and Barbara J. Meyer

doi:10.1038/nature05050

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AtSNX1 defines an endosome for auxin-carrier trafficking in Arabidopsis p106

Yvon Jaillais, Isabelle Fobis-Loisy, Christine Miège, Claire Rollin and Thierry Gaude

doi:10.1038/nature05046

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Unravelling the dynamics of RNA degradation by ribonuclease II and its RNA-bound complex p110

Carlos Frazão, Colin E. McVey, Mónica Amblar, Ana Barbas, Clemens Vonrhein, Cecília M. Arraiano and Maria A. Carrondo

doi:10.1038/nature05080

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Naturejobs

Prospects p115

Supplying industry with the right skills.

Paul Smaglik

doi:10.1038/nj7107-115a

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Masters of efficiency p116

Manufacturing jobs may be shifting from the large drug companies to contract organizations as firms re-evaluate their strengths. But scientists with analytical skills and an eye for efficiency can find a job transforming materials into medicines, says Hannah Hoag.

Hannah Hoag

doi:10.1038/nj7107-116a

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Michael Morgan, chief scientific officer, Genome Canada, Ottawa, Canada p118

Michael Morgan takes on yet another genome project.

Virginia Gewin

doi:10.1038/nj7107-118a

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A bridge from Portugal to the States p118

Postgraduate student society brings together Portuguese researchers studying abroad.

Tiago Fleming

doi:10.1038/nj7107-118b

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Scheduling my defence p118

Scheduling a thesis defence can be harder than writing the thesis.

Andreas Andersson

doi:10.1038/nj7107-118c

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Futures

Tick-tock curly-wurly p120

Wha...?

Gareth Owens

doi:10.1038/443120a

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