Editorials

The gathering storm p549

Hurricane Katrina, which struck New Orleans last year, has thrust the link between climate change and extreme weather events onto the US political agenda.

doi:10.1038/441549a

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Finding fraud in China p549

As Chinese research expands, who is looking out for faked results?

doi:10.1038/441549b

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Last rights p550

Researchers have a duty to use the most humane means available of killing laboratory animals.

doi:10.1038/441550a

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Research Highlights

Research highlights p552

doi:10.1038/441552a

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News

Pandemic 'dry run' is cause for concern p554

Indonesian bird-flu cluster rings alarm bells.

Declan Butler

doi:10.1038/441554a

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Murders halt rainforest research p555

Goldminers kill guards in French Guiana nature reserve.

Declan Butler

doi:10.1038/441555a

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Sidelines p556

doi:10.1038/441556a

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Q&A: Drilling for truth in New Orleans: a geologist's story p556

A levee expert on the Hurricane Katrina disaster.

doi:10.1038/441556b

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Old tools shed light on hobbit origins p559

Tiny toolmaker or microcephalic? The 'hobbit' debate continues.

Michael Hopkin

doi:10.1038/441559a

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How dangerous is chemistry? p560

The death of a French professor in a laboratory explosion in March was a shocking reminder that research can be a risky business. Mark Peplow and Emma Marris investigate whether chemistry deserves its reckless reputation.

doi:10.1038/441560a

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News in brief p562

doi:10.1038/441562a

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Corrections p563

doi:10.1038/441563a

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News Features

Meteorology: Bad weather ahead p564

Scientists and policymakers are battling over whether global warming is making hurricanes more destructive. Alexandra Witze ventures into the heart of the storm.

doi:10.1038/441564a

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Biodiversity: Cashing in on the rich coast p567

Costa Rica's flagship conservation institute needs help. Can a new deal with industry save it? Rex Dalton investigates.

doi:10.1038/441567a

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Bioethics: An easy way out? p570

Scientists say they gas mice and rats with carbon dioxide because it is humane. It's also simple, cheap and keeps their hands clean. Emma Marris analyses the final seconds of the lab rodents' life.

doi:10.1038/441570a

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Business

Upending the zeitgeist p572

Germany's best-known stem-cell researcher is leading a charge to build up more commercial acumen on the nation's university campuses. Ned Stafford reports.

doi:10.1038/441572a

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In Brief p573

doi:10.1038/441573a

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Market Watch p573

doi:10.1038/441573b

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Correspondence

Giving up the big questions when answers are in sight p574

Matt Mountain

doi:10.1038/441574a

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Too many people are being displaced for Merowe dam p574

Maurice Guéron

doi:10.1038/441574b

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Can the Internet save us from epidemics? p574

David M. Eagleman

doi:10.1038/441574c

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Plant databases linked for botanists and gardeners p574

Boyce Tankersley

doi:10.1038/441574d

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People of the past should not be called primitive p574

Megan Marie McCullen

doi:10.1038/441574e

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Books and Arts

Sex and violence in rock art p575

Are cave paintings really little more than the testosterone-fuelled scribblings of young men?

Paul G. Bahn reviews The Nature of Paleolithic Art by R. Dale Guthrie

doi:10.1038/441575a

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The forgotten mathematician p576

A. W. F. Edwards reviews Arthur Cayley: Mathematician Laureate of the Victorian Age by Tony Crilly

doi:10.1038/441576a

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Red in the head p577

Josh Weisberg reviews Seeing Red: A Study in Consciousness by Nicholas Humphrey

doi:10.1038/441577a

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Energy with meaning p577

Ehsan Masood reviews Dictionary of Energy edited by Cutler J. Cleveland & Christopher Morris

doi:10.1038/441577b

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Science in culture: Artists on a mission p578

An exhibition in London reflects on the dangers of climate change.

Colin Martin

doi:10.1038/441578a

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News and Views

Climate Change: The Arctic tells its story p579

The Arctic is one of the sensitive pressure points for Earth's climate. A new sediment core reveals much more about the region's role in a long-term transition from 'greenhouse' to 'icehouse' conditions.

Heather M. Stoll

doi:10.1038/441579a

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50 & 100 years ago p580

doi:10.1038/441580a

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Virology: HIV goes nuclear p581

HIV-1 replicates itself by integrating into its host cell's DNA. Studies in cell culture reveal that nuclear-membrane proteins aid engagement of the viral DNA with that of its host before integration.

Min Li & Robert Craigie

doi:10.1038/441581a

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Down's syndrome: Critical genes in a critical region p582

The NFAT transcription factors activate the expression of many genes involved in the immune response and the development of a variety of tissues. They have now been implicated in Down's syndrome.

Charles J. Epstein

doi:10.1038/441582a

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Climate change: All in the game p583

It is in the public interest to keep Earth's climate on an even keel — the public, in this case, being all the world's population. Are you prepared to stake your own reputation on helping to improve matters?

Thomas Pfeiffer & Martin A. Nowak

doi:10.1038/441583a

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Physical chemistry: Gas in a straitjacket p584

Given a holding material with sufficiently small and uniform pores, gaseous oxygen can be made to form regular one-dimensional chains. That gives unprecedented insight into the properties of confined gases.

Susumu Kitagawa

doi:10.1038/441584a

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Planetary science: Polar roller p585

Paul Hanlon

doi:10.1038/441585a

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Brief Communications

Space geodesy: Subsidence and flooding in New Orleans p587

A subsidence map of the city offers insight into the failure of the levees during Hurricane Katrina.

Timothy H. Dixon, Falk Amelung, Alessandro Ferretti, Fabrizio Novali, Fabio Rocca, Roy Dokka, Giovanni Sella, Sang-Wan Kim, Shimon Wdowinski & Dean Whitman

doi:10.1038/441587a

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (485K) | Supplementary information

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SUPERFLUID HELIUM: Visualization of quantized vortices p588

Gregory P. Bewley, Daniel P. Lathrop & Katepalli R. Sreenivasan

doi:10.1038/441588a

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (200K) | Supplementary information

Brief Communications Arising

Palaeoceanography: Methane release in the Early Jurassic period pE5

Paul B. Wignall, John M. McArthur, Crispin T. S. Little & Anthony Hallam

doi:10.1038/nature04905

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (90K)

Palaeoceanography: Methane release in the Early Jurassic period (Reply) pE5

D. B. Kemp, A. L. Coe, A. S. Cohen & L. Schwark

doi:10.1038/nature04906

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (90K)

Articles

A putative flip–flop switch for control of REM sleep p589

Jun Lu, David Sherman, Marshall Devor & Clifford B. Saper

doi:10.1038/nature04767

Abstract | Full Text | PDF (749K) | Supplementary information

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NFAT dysregulation by increased dosage of DSCR1 and DYRK1A on chromosome 21 p595

Joseph R. Arron, Monte M. Winslow, Alberto Polleri, Ching-Pin Chang, Hai Wu, Xin Gao, Joel R. Neilson, Lei Chen, Jeremy J. Heit, Seung K. Kim, Nobuyuki Yamasaki, Tsuyoshi Miyakawa, Uta Francke, Isabella A. Graef & Gerald R. Crabtree

doi:10.1038/nature04678

Abstract | Full Text | PDF (1,047K) | Supplementary information

See also: Editor's summary | News and Views by Epstein

The Cenozoic palaeoenvironment of the Arctic Ocean p601

Kathryn Moran, Jan Backman, Henk Brinkhuis, Steven C. Clemens, Thomas Cronin, Gerald R. Dickens, Frédérique Eynaud, Jérôme Gattacceca, Martin Jakobsson, Richard W. Jordan, Michael Kaminski, John King, Nalan Koc, Alexey Krylov, Nahysa Martinez, Jens Matthiessen, David McInroy, Theodore C. Moore, Jonaotaro Onodera, Matthew O'Regan, Heiko Pälike, Brice Rea, Domenico Rio, Tatsuhiko Sakamoto, David C. Smith, Ruediger Stein, Kristen St John, Itsuki Suto, Noritoshi Suzuki, Kozo Takahashi, Mahito Watanabe, Masanobu Yamamoto, John Farrell, Martin Frank, Peter Kubik, Wilfried Jokat & Yngve Kristoffersen

doi:10.1038/nature04800

Abstract | Full Text | PDF (566K)

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Letters

Episodic fresh surface waters in the Eocene Arctic Ocean p606

Henk Brinkhuis, Stefan Schouten, Margaret E. Collinson, Appy Sluijs, Jaap S. Sinninghe Damsté, Gerald R. Dickens, Matthew Huber, Thomas M. Cronin, Jonaotaro Onodera, Kozo Takahashi, Jonathan P. Bujak, Ruediger Stein, Johan van der Burgh, James S. Eldrett, Ian C. Harding, André F. Lotter, Francesca Sangiorgi, Han van Konijnenburg-van Cittert, Jan W. de Leeuw, Jens Matthiessen, Jan Backman, Kathryn Moran & the Expedition 302 Scientists

doi:10.1038/nature04692

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (343K) | Supplementary information

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Subtropical Arctic Ocean temperatures during the Palaeocene/Eocene thermal maximum p610

Appy Sluijs, Stefan Schouten, Mark Pagani, Martijn Woltering, Henk Brinkhuis, Jaap S. Sinninghe Damsté, Gerald R. Dickens, Matthew Huber, Gert-Jan Reichart, Ruediger Stein, Jens Matthiessen, Lucas J. Lourens, Nikolai Pedentchouk, Jan Backman, Kathryn Moran & the Expedition 302 Scientists

doi:10.1038/nature04668

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (273K) | Supplementary information

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Diapir-induced reorientation of Saturn's moon Enceladus p614

Francis Nimmo & Robert T. Pappalardo

doi:10.1038/nature04821

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (207K) | Supplementary information

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Dimensional reduction at a quantum critical point p617

S. E. Sebastian, N. Harrison, C. D. Batista, L. Balicas, M. Jaime, P. A. Sharma, N. Kawashima & I. R. Fisher

doi:10.1038/nature04732

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (496K)

Thermodynamic control of asymmetric amplification in amino acid catalysis p621

Martin Klussmann, Hiroshi Iwamura, Suju P. Mathew, David H. Wells, Jr, Urvish Pandya, Alan Armstrong & Donna G. Blackmond

doi:10.1038/nature04780

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Early stone technology on Flores and its implications for Homo floresiensis p624

Adam Brumm, Fachroel Aziz, Gert D. van den Bergh, Michael J. Morwood, Mark W. Moore, Iwan Kurniawan, Douglas R. Hobbs & Richard Fullagar

doi:10.1038/nature04618

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Biodiversity and ecosystem stability in a decade-long grassland experiment p629

David Tilman, Peter B. Reich & Johannes M. H. Knops

doi:10.1038/nature04742

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Frequency-dependent survival in natural guppy populations p633

Robert Olendorf, F. Helen Rodd, David Punzalan, Anne E. Houde, Carla Hurt, David N. Reznick & Kimberly A. Hughes

doi:10.1038/nature04646

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Assembly of the inner rod determines needle length in the type III secretion injectisome p637

Thomas C. Marlovits, Tomoko Kubori, María Lara-Tejero, Dennis Thomas, Vinzenz M. Unger & Jorge E. Galán

doi:10.1038/nature04822

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (302K) | Supplementary information

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The inner-nuclear-envelope protein emerin regulates HIV-1 infectivity p641

Jean-Marc Jacque & Mario Stevenson

doi:10.1038/nature04682

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A genome-wide Drosophila RNAi screen identifies DYRK-family kinases as regulators of NFAT p646

Yousang Gwack, Sonia Sharma, Julie Nardone, Bogdan Tanasa, Alina Iuga, Sonal Srikanth, Heidi Okamura, Diana Bolton, Stefan Feske, Patrick G. Hogan & Anjana Rao

doi:10.1038/nature04631

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (547K) | Supplementary information

See also: Editor's summary | News and Views by Epstein

Hrr25-dependent phosphorylation state regulates organization of the pre-40S subunit p651

Thorsten Schäfer, Bohumil Maco, Elisabeth Petfalski, David Tollervey, Bettina Böttcher, Ueli Aebi & Ed Hurt

doi:10.1038/nature04840

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (1,189K) | Supplementary information

Computational redesign of endonuclease DNA binding and cleavage specificity p656

Justin Ashworth, James J. Havranek, Carlos M. Duarte, Django Sussman, Raymond J. Monnat, Jr, Barry L. Stoddard & David Baker

doi:10.1038/nature04818

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (316K) | Supplementary information

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Naturejobs

Prospect p661

Movie depictions of scientists mirror real perceptions.

Paul Smaglik

doi:10.1038/nj7093-661a

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Astronomy: Star gazing moves south p662

After years of quasi-colonial treatment from their European partners, local astronomers in Chile and South Africa are coming into their own. Dirk Steuerwald tracks the changing climate for the star-gazers of the south.

Dirk Steuerwald

doi:10.1038/nj7093-662a

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Highlight: The National Institutes of Health

doi:10.1038/nj0118

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Futures

Nadia's nectar p666

The fountain of youth.

Ian Watson

doi:10.1038/441666a

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