Transmissible pathogens are the bane of social animals¹, so they have evolved behaviours to decrease the probability of infection^{2, 3}. There is no record, however, of social animals avoiding diseased individuals of their own species in the wild. Here we show how healthy, normally gregarious Caribbean spiny lobsters (Panulirus argus) avoid conspecifics that are infected with a lethal virus. Early detection and avoidance of infected, though not yet infectious, individuals by healthy lobsters confers a selective advantage and highlights the importance of host behaviour in disease transmission among natural populations.

1. Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA
2. Virginia Institute of Marine Science, Gloucester Point, Virginia 23062, USA

Correspondence to: Mark J. Butler¹ Email: mbutler@odu.edu

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