doi:10.1038/nature04848
Table of contents
日本語版 Volume 441 Number 7090 ppE3-254
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Brief Communications
Top of pageBrief Communications Arising
Corrigendum: Sporting contests: Seeing red? Putting sportswear into context pE3
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Authors
Making the paper: Alan Aderem pxiii
A Seattle institute tackles the workings of the immune system.
doi:10.1038/7090xiiia
Abstractions pxiii
doi:10.1038/7090xiiib
Quantified: Australia pxiii
doi:10.1038/7090xiiic
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Editorials
Coming in from the cold p127
Science in the Arctic cries out for better coordination — perhaps modelled on what happens in Antarctica.
doi:10.1038/441127a
Special provision p127
Let the data flow p128
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News
Arab state pours oil profits into science p132
Qatar pumps fossil-fuel revenues towards research initiative.
Jim Giles
doi:10.1038/441132a
Arctic stations need human touch p133
Meteorologists say automated data collection is failing.
Quirin Schiermeier
doi:10.1038/441133a
Sidelines p134
doi:10.1038/441134a
Outspoken: Mike Griffin on the NASA budget p134
Are rich nations up for drug reform? p135
Avian flu and the New World p137
The H5N1 avian influenza virus has not yet reached North and South America. What will happen when it does? Declan Butler and Jacqueline Ruttimann investigate.
doi:10.1038/441137a
State's flu response raises concern p139
Official alerts play down possible H5 strain found in New Jersey.
Jacqueline Ruttimann
doi:10.1038/441139a
News in brief p140
doi:10.1038/441140a
Corrections p141
doi:10.1038/441141a
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News Features
Epigenetics: Unfinished symphony p143
To correctly 'play' the DNA score in our genome, cells must read another notation that overlays it — the epigenetic code. A global effort to decode it is now in the making, reports Jane Qiu.
Jane Qiu
doi:10.1038/441143a
Arctic ecology: On thin ice p146
The Arctic is the bellwether of climate change, which shows up there first and fastest. Quirin Schiermeier visits ecologists struggling to keep up.
Quirin Schiermeier
doi:10.1038/441146a
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Correspondence
Medical council funds both clinical and basic research p150
Exaggerating one's success is rife in Chinese academia p150
Allergy test might have avoided drug-trial disaster p150
Keeping an eye on privacy issues with geospatial data p150
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Spring Books
Evolution of the selfish gene p151
The thirtieth anniversary of Richard Dawkins' landmark work provides an opportunity to take stock.
doi:10.1038/441151a
Renaissance magic and mysticism p152
doi:10.1038/441152a
The soldier's tale p153
doi:10.1038/441153a
Human frailties p155
doi:10.1038/441155a
Science's secret service p156
doi:10.1038/441156a
A journey to remember p157
doi:10.1038/441157a
The ant trail p159
doi:10.1038/441159a
A cross-cultural relationship p160
doi:10.1038/441160a
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News and Views
ワクチン：免疫をくぐり抜けるウイルスベクターを作る
Vaccines: Engineering immune evasion p161
One obstacle to realizing the promise of viral vectors for vaccine delivery is pre-existing immunity to such vectors. An adroit application of structure-based design points to a way around that problem.
John R. Mascola
doi:10.1038/441161a
日本語要約 | Full Text | PDF (221K)
太陽系：惑星間での拉致事件
Solar system: Interplanetary kidnap p162
Triton, Neptune's largest moon, was probably part of a two-body object similar to the Pluto–Charon system. This tandem might have been ripped apart when it strayed too close to the planet that Triton is now orbiting.
Alessandro Morbidelli
doi:10.1038/441162a
日本語要約 | Full Text | PDF (210K)
細胞生物学：カルシウム流入の秘密を暴く
Cell biology: Cracking the calcium entry code p163
A sharp increase in the concentration of calcium ions in a cell is a key biological signal. Now a vital component of a major route by which calcium ions flow into cells has been identified.
Anant B. Parekh
doi:10.1038/441163a
日本語要約 | Full Text | PDF (713K)
化学：触媒作用の桂馬跳び
Chemistry: A catalytic knight's move p165
The reactivity of inert hydrocarbons can be transformed by a catalytic double act. With the ability to manipulate the lengths of the resulting carbon chains, this development opens up fresh vistas.
Robert H. Crabtree
doi:10.1038/441165a
日本語要約 | Full Text | PDF (735K)
免疫学：17だけの働きは？
Immunology: What does it mean to be just 17? p166
For a long time it was thought that there are only two types of T helper cell. But it is becoming clear that there may be other lineages that influence inflammatory responses in certain circumstances.
Cristina M. Tato and John J. O'Shea
doi:10.1038/441166a
日本語要約 | Full Text | PDF (243K)
50 & 100 years ago p167
doi:10.1038/440167a
日本語要約 | Full Text | PDF (159K)
熱力学：相変化が起こるとき
Thermodynamics: When a phase is born p168
Phase changes in matter generally occur by building up from small nuclei of the new phase. Scattering experiments and computer simulations reveal the characteristic size of the smallest of these nuclei.
Pablo G. Debenedetti
doi:10.1038/441168a
日本語要約 | Full Text | PDF (226K)
分析化学：ラマであらま！
Analytical chemistry: Cause for a llama p169
地球化学：希ガス再循環の仕組み
Geochemistry: The noble art of recycling p169
Xenon trapped beneath Earth's crust provides clues to how our planet evolved, but quantifying atmospheric contamination has been impossible. The latest analysis surmounts a barrier to our understanding.
Takuya Matsumoto
doi:10.1038/441169b
日本語要約 | Full Text | PDF (244K)
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Brief Communications
Diving insects boost their buoyancy bubbles p171
Underwater backswimmers use their haemoglobin to help them stay stationary while waiting for prey.
Philip G. D. Matthews and Roger S. Seymour
doi:10.1038/441171a
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (208K) | Supplementary information
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Articles
免疫：ATF3がToll様受容体4の負の調節因子であることのシステム生物学手法による同定
Systems biology approaches identify ATF3 as a negative regulator of Toll-like receptor 4 p173
Mark Gilchrist, Vesteinn Thorsson, Bin Li, Alistair G. Rust, Martin Korb, Kathleen Kennedy, Tsonwin Hai, Hamid Bolouri and Alan Aderem
doi:10.1038/nature04768
免疫：Orai1の変異はCRACチャネル機能を損なうことにより免疫不全を引き起こす
A mutation in Orai1 causes immune deficiency by abrogating CRAC channel function p179
Stefan Feske, Yousang Gwack, Murali Prakriya, Sonal Srikanth, Sven-Holger Puppel, Bogdan Tanasa, Patrick G. Hogan, Richard S. Lewis, Mark Daly and Anjana Rao
doi:10.1038/nature04702
地球：海水の沈み込みはマントルの重い希ガス組成を支配している
Seawater subduction controls the heavy noble gas composition of the mantle p186
Greg Holland and Chris J. Ballentine
doi:10.1038/nature04761
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Transforming growth factor-
Letters
宇宙：衛星トリトンは連星系と惑星の重力による接近遭遇の際に海王星に捕獲された
Neptune's capture of its moon Triton in a binary–planet gravitational encounter p192
物理：強誘電体電界効果を使った2次元超伝導の局所スイッチング
Local switching of two-dimensional superconductivity using the ferroelectric field effect p195
K. S. Takahashi, M. Gabay, D. Jaccard, K. Shibuya, T. Ohnishi, M. Lippmaa and J.-M. Triscone
doi:10.1038/nature04731
日本語要約 | Full Text | PDF (309K)
工学：新しい電気光学材料としての歪シリコン
Strained silicon as a new electro-optic material p199
Rune S. Jacobsen, Karin N. Andersen, Peter I. Borel, Jacob Fage-Pedersen, Lars H. Frandsen, Ole Hansen, Martin Kristensen, Andrei V. Lavrinenko, Gaid Moulin, Haiyan Ou, Christophe Peucheret, Beáta Zsigri and Anders Bjarklev
doi:10.1038/nature04706
日本語要約 | Full Text | PDF (282K)
宇宙：南アフリカの巨大なモロクェン衝突クレーター中での25 cm の微惑星砕屑片の発見
Discovery of a 25-cm asteroid clast in the giant Morokweng impact crater, South Africa p203
W. D. Maier, M. A. G. Andreoli, I. McDonald, M. D. Higgins, A. J. Boyce, A. Shukolyukov, G. W. Lugmair, L. D. Ashwal, P. Gräser, E. M. Ripley and R. J. Hart
doi:10.1038/nature04751
古生態：新たに得られた放射性炭素測定年代による気候変動と人類移住および更新世末の大量絶滅との関連づけ
New carbon dates link climatic change with human colonization and Pleistocene extinctions p207
進化：海洋島のヤシにみられる同所的種分化
Sympatric speciation in palms on an oceanic island p210
Vincent Savolainen, Marie-Charlotte Anstett, Christian Lexer, Ian Hutton, James J. Clarkson, Maria V. Norup, Martyn P. Powell, David Springate, Nicolas Salamin and William J. Baker
doi:10.1038/nature04566
生態：社会的待ち行列における将来の適応度とヘルパー行動の関係
Future fitness and helping in social queues p214
Jeremy Field, Adam Cronin and Catherine Bridge
doi:10.1038/nature04560
日本語要約 | Full Text | PDF (200K)
発生：神経堤の指定は原腸形成期に起こりPax7を必要とする
Specification of the neural crest occurs during gastrulation and requires Pax7 p218
Martín L. Basch, Marianne Bronner-Fraser and Martín I. García-Castro
doi:10.1038/nature04684
神経：眼窩前頭皮質ニューロンは経済的価値を符号化する
Neurons in the orbitofrontal cortex encode economic value p223
Camillo Padoa-Schioppa and John A. Assad
doi:10.1038/nature04676
植物：トウモロコシの花序の構造はトレハロースの代謝にかかわる酵素が制御している
A trehalose metabolic enzyme controls inflorescence architecture in maize p227
Namiko Satoh-Nagasawa, Nobuhiro Nagasawa, Simon Malcomber, Hajime Sakai and David Jackson
doi:10.1038/nature04725
免疫：トランスフォーミング増殖因子-βはTH17細胞の分化を誘導する
Transforming growth factor-
induces development of the TH17 lineage p231
Paul R. Mangan, Laurie E. Harrington, Darrell B. O'Quinn, Whitney S. Helms, Daniel C. Bullard, Charles O. Elson, Robin D. Hatton, Sharon M. Wahl, Trenton R. Schoeb and Casey T. Weaver
doi:10.1038/nature04754
免疫：病原性エフェクターTH17と調節性T細胞産生のための相反的分化経路
Reciprocal developmental pathways for the generation of pathogenic effector TH17 and regulatory T cells p235
Estelle Bettelli, Yijun Carrier, Wenda Gao, Thomas Korn, Terry B. Strom, Mohamed Oukka, Howard L. Weiner and Vijay K. Kuchroo
doi:10.1038/nature04753
免疫：ヘキソンタンパク質のキメラアデノウイルス5型ベクターは既存の抗ベクター免疫を回避する
Hexon-chimaeric adenovirus serotype 5 vectors circumvent pre-existing anti-vector immunity p239
Diane M. Roberts, Anjali Nanda, Menzo J. E. Havenga, Peter Abbink, Diana M. Lynch, Bonnie A. Ewald, Jinyan Liu, Anna R. Thorner, Patricia E. Swanson, Darci A. Gorgone, Michelle A. Lifton, Angelique A. C. Lemckert, Lennart Holterman, Bing Chen, Athmanundh Dilraj, Angela Carville, Keith G. Mansfield, Jaap Goudsmit and Dan H. Barouch
doi:10.1038/nature04721
日本語要約 | Full Text | PDF (451K)
細胞：リボソームのプログラムされたフレームシフトにRNAシュードノットが果たす機能の機構的説明
A mechanical explanation of RNA pseudoknot function in programmed ribosomal frameshifting p244
Olivier Namy, Stephen J. Moran, David I. Stuart, Robert J. C. Gilbert and Ian Brierley
doi:10.1038/nature04735
Corrigendum: Lipid–protein interactions in double-layered two-dimensional AQP0 crystals p248
Tamir Gonen, Yifan Cheng, Piotr Sliz, Yoko Hiroaki, Yoshinori Fujiyoshi, Stephen C. Harrison and Thomas Walz
doi:10.1038/nature04775
Corrigendum: Conservation of Y-linked genes during human evolution revealed by comparative sequencing in chimpanzee p248
Jennifer F. Hughes, Helen Skaletsky, Tatyana Pyntikova, Patrick J. Minx, Tina Graves, Steve Rozen, Richard K. Wilson and David C. Page
doi:10.1038/nature04776
Corrigendum: An acidic protein aligns magnetosomes along a filamentous structure in magnetotactic bacteria p248
André Scheffel, Manuela Gruska, Damien Faivre, Alexandros Linaroudis, Peter L. Graumann, Jürgen M. Plitzko and Dirk Schüler
doi:10.1038/nature04777
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Special Report
Career Views
Naturejobs
ProspectGood in parts p249
Postdoc organization grades institutions
Paul Smaglik
doi:10.1038/nj7090-249a
Special Report
Talk about toxic p250
They arrive from other disciplines; they spread into distant fields. Toxicology is a voyage of discovery for scientists with diverse skills, including those of communication. Ricki Lewis gets them to open up about it.
Ricki Lewis
doi:10.1038/nj7090-250a
Career Views
Stephen Forrest, vice-president for research and William Gould Dow professor in electrical engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor p252
Engineer bounces between academia and industry
Virginia Gewin
doi:10.1038/nj7090-252a
What makes a good PhD student? p252
Some tips for PhD students.
Georgia Chenevix-Trench
doi:10.1038/nj7090-252b
Valuable diversions p252
Hobby horses for courses.
Katja Bargum
doi:10.1038/nj7090-252c
