Table of contents
Volume 441 Number 7090 pp127-254
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Editorials
Coming in from the cold p127
Science in the Arctic cries out for better coordination — perhaps modelled on what happens in Antarctica.
doi:10.1038/441127a
Special provision p127
Some research centres are more equal than others.
doi:10.1038/441127b
Let the data flow p128
US legislation could fill a gap in drought research.
doi:10.1038/441128a
News
Arab state pours oil profits into science p132
Qatar pumps fossil-fuel revenues towards research initiative.
Jim Giles
doi:10.1038/441132a
Arctic stations need human touch p133
Meteorologists say automated data collection is failing.
Quirin Schiermeier
doi:10.1038/441133a
Sidelines p134
doi:10.1038/441134a
Outspoken: Mike Griffin on the NASA budget p134
Space agency chief answers his critics.
Tony Reichhardt
doi:10.1038/441134b
Are rich nations up for drug reform? p135
The WHO is urged to act on neglected diseases.
Erika Check
doi:10.1038/441135a
Avian flu and the New World p137
The H5N1 avian influenza virus has not yet reached North and South America. What will happen when it does? Declan Butler and Jacqueline Ruttimann investigate.
doi:10.1038/441137a
State's flu response raises concern p139
Official alerts play down possible H5 strain found in New Jersey.
Jacqueline Ruttimann
doi:10.1038/441139a
News in brief p140
doi:10.1038/441140a
Corrections p141
doi:10.1038/441141a
News Features
Epigenetics: Unfinished symphony p143
To correctly 'play' the DNA score in our genome, cells must read another notation that overlays it — the epigenetic code. A global effort to decode it is now in the making, reports Jane Qiu.
doi:10.1038/441143a
See also: Editor's summary
Arctic ecology: On thin ice p146
The Arctic is the bellwether of climate change, which shows up there first and fastest. Quirin Schiermeier visits ecologists struggling to keep up.
doi:10.1038/441146a
Business
Challengers in the field p149
Colin Macilwain
doi:10.1038/441149a
In brief p149
doi:10.1038/441149b
Correspondence
Medical council funds both clinical and basic research p150
Colin Blakemore
doi:10.1038/441150a
Exaggerating one's success is rife in Chinese academia p150
Zheng Huang
doi:10.1038/441150b
Allergy test might have avoided drug-trial disaster p150
John H. Weis
doi:10.1038/441150c
Keeping an eye on privacy issues with geospatial data p150
Andrew Curtis, Jacqueline W. Mills and Michael Leitner
doi:10.1038/441150d
Spring Books
Evolution of the selfish gene p151
The thirtieth anniversary of Richard Dawkins' landmark work provides an opportunity to take stock.
Dan Sperber reviews Richard Dawkins: How a Scientist Changed the Way We Think edited by Alan Grafen and Mark Ridley
doi:10.1038/441151a
See also: Editor's summary
Renaissance magic and mysticism p152
Rina Knoeff reviews The Devil's Doctor: Paracelsus and the World of Renaissance Magic and Science by Philip Ball
doi:10.1038/441152a
The soldier's tale p153
Matt Ridley reviews Won for All: How the Drosophila Genome was Sequenced by Michael Ashburner
doi:10.1038/441153a
Human frailties p155
Ian Tattersall reviews The First Human: The Race to Discover Our Earliest Ancestors by Ann Gibbons
doi:10.1038/441155a
Science's secret service p156
Daniel S. Greenberg reviews The Jasons: The Secret History of Science's Postwar Elite by Ann Finkbeiner
doi:10.1038/441156a
A journey to remember p157
Yadin Dudai reviews In Search of Memory: The Emergence of a New Science of Mind by Eric R. Kandel
doi:10.1038/441157a
The ant trail p159
Laurent Keller reviews Nature Revealed: Selected Writings, 1949–2006 by Edward O. Wilson
doi:10.1038/441159a
A cross-cultural relationship p160
Rebecca Goldstein reviews The Literary Animal: Evolution and the Nature of Narrative edited by Jonathan Gottschall and David Sloan Wilson
doi:10.1038/441160a
News and Views
Vaccines: Engineering immune evasion p161
One obstacle to realizing the promise of viral vectors for vaccine delivery is pre-existing immunity to such vectors. An adroit application of structure-based design points to a way around that problem.
John R. Mascola
doi:10.1038/441161a
See also: Editor's summary
Solar system: Interplanetary kidnap p162
Triton, Neptune's largest moon, was probably part of a two-body object similar to the Pluto–Charon system. This tandem might have been ripped apart when it strayed too close to the planet that Triton is now orbiting.
Alessandro Morbidelli
doi:10.1038/441162a
See also: Editor's summary
Cell biology: Cracking the calcium entry code p163
A sharp increase in the concentration of calcium ions in a cell is a key biological signal. Now a vital component of a major route by which calcium ions flow into cells has been identified.
Anant B. Parekh
doi:10.1038/441163a
See also: Editor's summary
Chemistry: A catalytic knight's move p165
The reactivity of inert hydrocarbons can be transformed by a catalytic double act. With the ability to manipulate the lengths of the resulting carbon chains, this development opens up fresh vistas.
Robert H. Crabtree
doi:10.1038/441165a
Immunology: What does it mean to be just 17? p166
For a long time it was thought that there are only two types of T helper cell. But it is becoming clear that there may be other lineages that influence inflammatory responses in certain circumstances.
Cristina M. Tato and John J. O'Shea
doi:10.1038/441166a
50 & 100 years ago p167
doi:10.1038/441167a
Thermodynamics: When a phase is born p168
Phase changes in matter generally occur by building up from small nuclei of the new phase. Scattering experiments and computer simulations reveal the characteristic size of the smallest of these nuclei.
Pablo G. Debenedetti
doi:10.1038/441168a
Analytical chemistry: Cause for a llama p169
Richard Webb
doi:10.1038/441169a
See also: Editor's summary
Geochemistry: The noble art of recycling p169
Xenon trapped beneath Earth's crust provides clues to how our planet evolved, but quantifying atmospheric contamination has been impossible. The latest analysis surmounts a barrier to our understanding.
Takuya Matsumoto
doi:10.1038/441169b
Brief Communications
Diving insects boost their buoyancy bubbles p171
Underwater backswimmers use their haemoglobin to help them stay stationary while waiting for prey.
Philip G. D. Matthews and Roger S. Seymour
doi:10.1038/441171a
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (208K) | Supplementary information
See also: Editor's summary
Top of page
Brief Communications Arising
Corrigendum: Sporting contests: Seeing red? Putting sportswear into context pE3
doi:10.1038/nature04848
Articles
Systems biology approaches identify ATF3 as a negative regulator of Toll-like receptor 4 p173
Mark Gilchrist, Vesteinn Thorsson, Bin Li, Alistair G. Rust, Martin Korb, Kathleen Kennedy, Tsonwin Hai, Hamid Bolouri and Alan Aderem
doi:10.1038/nature04768
Abstract | Full Text | PDF (611K) | Supplementary information
See also: Editor's summary
A mutation in Orai1 causes immune deficiency by abrogating CRAC channel function p179
Stefan Feske, Yousang Gwack, Murali Prakriya, Sonal Srikanth, Sven-Holger Puppel, Bogdan Tanasa, Patrick G. Hogan, Richard S. Lewis, Mark Daly and Anjana Rao
doi:10.1038/nature04702
Abstract | Full Text | PDF (694K) | Supplementary information
See also: Editor's summary | News and Views by Parekh
Seawater subduction controls the heavy noble gas composition of the mantle p186
Greg Holland and Chris J. Ballentine
doi:10.1038/nature04761
Abstract | Full Text | PDF (266K) | Supplementary information
See also: Editor's summary | News and Views by Matsumoto
Letters
Neptune's capture of its moon Triton in a binary–planet gravitational encounter p192
Craig B. Agnor and Douglas P. Hamilton
doi:10.1038/nature04792
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (418K)
See also: Editor's summary | News and Views by Morbidelli
Local switching of two-dimensional superconductivity using the ferroelectric field effect p195
K. S. Takahashi, M. Gabay, D. Jaccard, K. Shibuya, T. Ohnishi, M. Lippmaa and J.-M. Triscone
doi:10.1038/nature04731
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (309K)
Strained silicon as a new electro-optic material p199
Rune S. Jacobsen, Karin N. Andersen, Peter I. Borel, Jacob Fage-Pedersen, Lars H. Frandsen, Ole Hansen, Martin Kristensen, Andrei V. Lavrinenko, Gaid Moulin, Haiyan Ou, Christophe Peucheret, Beáta Zsigri and Anders Bjarklev
doi:10.1038/nature04706
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (282K)
See also: Editor's summary
Discovery of a 25-cm asteroid clast in the giant Morokweng impact crater, South Africa p203
W. D. Maier, M. A. G. Andreoli, I. McDonald, M. D. Higgins, A. J. Boyce, A. Shukolyukov, G. W. Lugmair, L. D. Ashwal, P. Gräser, E. M. Ripley and R. J. Hart
doi:10.1038/nature04751
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (374K) | Supplementary information
See also: Editor's summary
New carbon dates link climatic change with human colonization and Pleistocene extinctions p207
R. Dale Guthrie
doi:10.1038/nature04604
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (256K) | Supplementary information
See also: Editor's summary
Sympatric speciation in palms on an oceanic island p210
Vincent Savolainen, Marie-Charlotte Anstett, Christian Lexer, Ian Hutton, James J. Clarkson, Maria V. Norup, Martyn P. Powell, David Springate, Nicolas Salamin and William J. Baker
doi:10.1038/nature04566
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (291K) | Supplementary information
Future fitness and helping in social queues p214
Jeremy Field, Adam Cronin and Catherine Bridge
doi:10.1038/nature04560
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (200K)
See also: Editor's summary
Specification of the neural crest occurs during gastrulation and requires Pax7 p218
Martín L. Basch, Marianne Bronner-Fraser and Martín I. García-Castro
doi:10.1038/nature04684
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (438K) | Supplementary information
Neurons in the orbitofrontal cortex encode economic value p223
Camillo Padoa-Schioppa and John A. Assad
doi:10.1038/nature04676
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (357K) | Supplementary information
See also: Editor's summary
A trehalose metabolic enzyme controls inflorescence architecture in maize p227
Namiko Satoh-Nagasawa, Nobuhiro Nagasawa, Simon Malcomber, Hajime Sakai and David Jackson
doi:10.1038/nature04725
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (356K) | Supplementary information
Transforming growth factor-
induces development of the TH17 lineage p231
Paul R. Mangan, Laurie E. Harrington, Darrell B. O'Quinn, Whitney S. Helms, Daniel C. Bullard, Charles O. Elson, Robin D. Hatton, Sharon M. Wahl, Trenton R. Schoeb and Casey T. Weaver
doi:10.1038/nature04754
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (418K) | Supplementary information
See also: News and Views by Tato & O'Shea
Reciprocal developmental pathways for the generation of pathogenic effector TH17 and regulatory T cells p235
Estelle Bettelli, Yijun Carrier, Wenda Gao, Thomas Korn, Terry B. Strom, Mohamed Oukka, Howard L. Weiner and Vijay K. Kuchroo
doi:10.1038/nature04753
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (483K) | Supplementary information
See also: News and Views by Tato & O'Shea
Hexon-chimaeric adenovirus serotype 5 vectors circumvent pre-existing anti-vector immunity p239
Diane M. Roberts, Anjali Nanda, Menzo J. E. Havenga, Peter Abbink, Diana M. Lynch, Bonnie A. Ewald, Jinyan Liu, Anna R. Thorner, Patricia E. Swanson, Darci A. Gorgone, Michelle A. Lifton, Angelique A. C. Lemckert, Lennart Holterman, Bing Chen, Athmanundh Dilraj, Angela Carville, Keith G. Mansfield, Jaap Goudsmit and Dan H. Barouch
doi:10.1038/nature04721
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (451K)
See also: Editor's summary | News and Views by Mascola
A mechanical explanation of RNA pseudoknot function in programmed ribosomal frameshifting p244
Olivier Namy, Stephen J. Moran, David I. Stuart, Robert J. C. Gilbert and Ian Brierley
doi:10.1038/nature04735
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (317K) | Supplementary information
See also: Editor's summary
Corrigendum: Lipid–protein interactions in double-layered two-dimensional AQP0 crystals p248
Tamir Gonen, Yifan Cheng, Piotr Sliz, Yoko Hiroaki, Yoshinori Fujiyoshi, Stephen C. Harrison and Thomas Walz
doi:10.1038/nature04775
Corrigendum: Conservation of Y-linked genes during human evolution revealed by comparative sequencing in chimpanzee p248
Jennifer F. Hughes, Helen Skaletsky, Tatyana Pyntikova, Patrick J. Minx, Tina Graves, Steve Rozen, Richard K. Wilson and David C. Page
doi:10.1038/nature04776
Corrigendum: An acidic protein aligns magnetosomes along a filamentous structure in magnetotactic bacteria p248
André Scheffel, Manuela Gruska, Damien Faivre, Alexandros Linaroudis, Peter L. Graumann, Jürgen M. Plitzko and Dirk Schüler
doi:10.1038/nature04777
Naturejobs
ProspectGood in parts p249
Postdoc organization grades institutions
Paul Smaglik
doi:10.1038/nj7090-249a
Special Report
Talk about toxic p250
They arrive from other disciplines; they spread into distant fields. Toxicology is a voyage of discovery for scientists with diverse skills, including those of communication. Ricki Lewis gets them to open up about it.
Ricki Lewis
doi:10.1038/nj7090-250a
Career Views
Stephen Forrest, vice-president for research and William Gould Dow professor in electrical engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor p252
Engineer bounces between academia and industry
Virginia Gewin
doi:10.1038/nj7090-252a
What makes a good PhD student? p252
Some tips for PhD students.
Georgia Chenevix-Trench
doi:10.1038/nj7090-252b
Valuable diversions p252
Hobby horses for courses.
Katja Bargum
doi:10.1038/nj7090-252c
Futures
The aching of Dion Harper p254
A case of phantom body syndrome.
Arthur Chrenkoff
doi:10.1038/441254a
