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Nature 440, E9-E10 (27 April 2006) | doi:10.1038/nature04825; Published online 26 April 2006

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Molecular virology: Was the 1918 pandemic caused by a bird flu? Was the 1918 flu avian in origin? (Reply)

Jeffery K. Taubenberger1, Ann H. Reid1,2, Raina M. Lourens1,3, Ruixue Wang1, Guozhong Jin1 & Thomas G. Fanning1

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We have proposed that the virus responsible for the 1918 human influenza pandemic was avian-like, which to us is a reasonable interpretation of all the available data from phylogenetic, sequence, serological and historical analysis, combined with what is known of influenza A virus biology1, 2, 3, 4. However, Gibbs and Gibbs5 and Antonovics et al.6 question our inferred origin of the 1918 influenza virus.

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