Table of contents
Volume 440 Number 7084 pp581-714
Editorials
Brown's budget briefing p581
A more cohesive biomedical research agency and simpler arrangements for measuring university performance feature in Britain's 2006 budget.
doi:10.1038/440581a
Astrobiology at ten p582
A young discipline holds promise yet.
doi:10.1038/440582a
Britannica attacks p582
... and we respond.
doi:10.1038/440582b
News
Stem cells from testes: could it work? p586
Mice cells hint at potential for therapeutic strategy.
David Cyranoski
doi:10.1038/440586a
Space scientists get double reprieve p586
Astrobiology gets second wind.
Tony Reichhardt
doi:10.1038/440586b
US to rule on research patent p587
Supreme Court considers the law on natural phenomena.
Jacqueline Ruttimann
doi:10.1038/440587a
Sidelines p588
doi:10.1038/440588a
Scans suggest IQ scores reflect brain structure p588
Research results reignite intelligence controversy.
Jim Giles
doi:10.1038/440588b
Italians put science chief on the spot p588
National Research Council faces mounting protests.
Alison Abbott
doi:10.1038/440588c
Credit where credit's due p591
Disputes over who truly deserves the credit — or blame — for published work can result in bruised egos, damaged careers and court cases. Helen Pearson looks at ways to avoid fights over authorship.
doi:10.1038/440591a
More whale strandings are linked to sonar p593
Beached mammals may have tried to escape the noise.
Rex Dalton
doi:10.1038/440593a
News in brief p594
doi:10.1038/440594a
Corrections p595
doi:10.1038/440595a
News Features
Climate science: The son also rises p597
The two Roger Pielkes can be obstructionist pains in the neck, say their colleagues. So why is this likeable father–son pair such a welcome addition to the debate on global climate change? Kendall Powell clears the air.
doi:10.1038/440597a
Mitochondrial disease: Powerhouse of disease p600
Many of the genes affecting mitochondria — tiny energy suppliers of cells — reside in the cell nucleus. Nick Lane joins the hunt for these sequences that may underpin diseases such as diabetes.
doi:10.1038/440600a
See also: Editor's summary
Business
Too little, too late? p603
Merger fever has finally reached Germany's drug firms. But can it cure the industry's woes? Alison Abbott reports.
doi:10.1038/440603a
Correspondence
Shared data are key to beating threat from flu p605
Steven Salzberg, Elodie Ghedin and David Spiro
doi:10.1038/440605a
Dogs can play useful role as sentinel hosts for disease p605
Sarah Cleaveland, Francois X. Meslin and Robert Breiman
doi:10.1038/440605b
Ecological society supports its African counterparts p605
John H. Lawton and Alastair H. Fitter
doi:10.1038/440605c
Populations who test drugs should benefit from them p605
Sanjay Basu, Jason Andrews and Duncan Smith-Rohrberg
doi:10.1038/440605d
Books and Arts
Blue-sky research p607
How scientists sought to explain the colour of the heavens.
Richard P. Wayne reviews Sky in a Bottle by Peter Pesic
doi:10.1038/440607a
The big freeze p608
Greg Dash reviews Ice: The Nature, the History and the Uses of an Astonishing Substance by Mariana Gosnell
doi:10.1038/440608a
A selfish element p609
James F. Crow reviews Genes in Conflict: The Biology of Selfish Genetic Elements by Austin Burt and Robert Trivers
doi:10.1038/440609a
Inside knowledge p609
doi:10.1038/440609b
Essay
ConceptQuantum mechanics in the brain p611
Does the enormous computing power of neurons mean consciousness can be explained within a purely neurobiological framework, or is there scope for quantum computation in the brain?
Christof Koch and Klaus Hepp
doi:10.1038/440611a
News and Views
Ecology: Green and pleasant trials p613
In the 1980s, a large lake — Lago Guri — was created as part of a hydroelectric project in Venezuela. Islands in the lake have enabled ecologists to test a fundamental hypothesis in their discipline.
Peter D. Moore
doi:10.1038/440613a
Planetary science: Saturn's bared mini-moons p614
Propeller-shaped structures seem to reveal the presence of moonlets, about 100 metres in diameter, embedded in Saturn's rings. This discovery adds to our picture of how the rings formed and are evolving.
Frank Spahn and Jürgen Schmidt
doi:10.1038/440614a
See also: Editor's summary
Neuroscience: Rewinding the memory record p615
How does the brain store sequences of experience? Clues come from brain recordings of rats running along a track. The animals' memories seem to be consolidated in an unexpected way as they rest between runs.
Laura L. Colgin and Edvard I. Moser
doi:10.1038/440615a
See also: Editor's summary
50 & 100 years ago p616
doi:10.1038/440616a
Quantum metrology: Size isn't everything p617
From probing living cells under a microscope to scanning the heavens for gravity waves, the limitations of precision measurements constrain our capacity to discover more about the world. But what exactly are those limits?
Samuel L. Braunstein
doi:10.1038/440617a
Materials science: Nanostructures in a new league p618
Aperiodic materials do not surrender details of their structure as readily as do their crystalline counterparts. The latest computational solution to this problem brings aspects of 'the beautiful game' into play.
John J. Rehr
doi:10.1038/440618a
See also: Editor's summary
X-Ray imaging: Soft focus p619
Ed Gerstner
doi:10.1038/440619a
See also: Editor's summary
Cognitive science: Brain development and IQ p619
If intelligence is partly determined by our genes, how does brain development relate to IQ? An attempt to answer this question measures the size of the outer layer of the brain, the cortex, with surprising results.
Richard Passingham
doi:10.1038/440619b
Environmental chemistry: Boiling up an acid plume p620
Tim Lincoln
doi:10.1038/440620a
Brief Communications
Biopolymers: Shape memory in spider draglines p621
The torsional properties of spider silk add to its list of remarkable physical credentials.
Olivier Emile, Albert Le Floch and Fritz Vollrath
doi:10.1038/440621a
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (227K)
See also: Editor's summary
Review
Eukaryotic evolution, changes and challenges p623
T. Martin Embley and William Martin
doi:10.1038/nature04546
Abstract | Full Text | PDF (1,307K)
Articles
Proteome survey reveals modularity of the yeast cell machinery p631
Anne-Claude Gavin, Patrick Aloy, Paola Grandi, Roland Krause, Markus Boesche, Martina Marzioch, Christina Rau, Lars Juhl Jensen, Sonja Bastuck, Birgit Dümpelfeld, Angela Edelmann, Marie-Anne Heurtier, Verena Hoffman, Christian Hoefert, Karin Klein, Manuela Hudak, Anne-Marie Michon, Malgorzata Schelder, Markus Schirle, Marita Remor, Tatjana Rudi, Sean Hooper, Andreas Bauer, Tewis Bouwmeester, Georg Casari, Gerard Drewes, Gitte Neubauer, Jens M. Rick, Bernhard Kuster, Peer Bork, Robert B. Russell and Giulio Superti-Furga
doi:10.1038/nature04532
Abstract | Full Text | PDF (830K) | Supplementary information
See also: Editor's summary
Global landscape of protein complexes in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae p637
Nevan J. Krogan, Gerard Cagney, Haiyuan Yu, Gouqing Zhong, Xinghua Guo, Alexandr Ignatchenko, Joyce Li, Shuye Pu, Nira Datta, Aaron P. Tikuisis, Thanuja Punna, José M. Peregrín-Alvarez, Michael Shales, Xin Zhang, Michael Davey, Mark D. Robinson, Alberto Paccanaro, James E. Bray, Anthony Sheung, Bryan Beattie, Dawn P. Richards, Veronica Canadien, Atanas Lalev, Frank Mena, Peter Wong, Andrei Starostine, Myra M. Canete, James Vlasblom, Samuel Wu, Chris Orsi, Sean R. Collins, Shamanta Chandran, Robin Haw, Jennifer J. Rilstone, Kiran Gandi, Natalie J. Thompson, Gabe Musso, Peter St Onge, Shaun Ghanny, Mandy H. Y. Lam, Gareth Butland, Amin M. Altaf-Ul, Shigehiko Kanaya, Ali Shilatifard, Erin O'Shea, Jonathan S. Weissman, C. James Ingles, Timothy R. Hughes, John Parkinson, Mark Gerstein, Shoshana J. Wodak, Andrew Emili and Jack F. Greenblatt
doi:10.1038/nature04670
Abstract | Full Text | PDF (900K) | Supplementary information
See also: Editor's summary
Letters
The evolution of galaxies from primeval irregulars to present-day ellipticals p644
Masao Mori and Masayuki Umemura
doi:10.1038/nature04553
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (424K) | Supplementary information
See also: Editor's summary
100-metre-diameter moonlets in Saturn's A ring from observations of 'propeller' structures p648
Matthew S. Tiscareno, Joseph A. Burns, Matthew M. Hedman, Carolyn C. Porco, John W. Weiss, Luke Dones, Derek C. Richardson and Carl D. Murray
doi:10.1038/nature04581
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (322K) | Supplementary information
See also: Editor's summary | News and Views by Spahn & Schmidt
Controlled multiple reversals of a ratchet effect p651
Clécio C. de Souza Silva, Joris Van de Vondel, Mathieu Morelle and Victor V. Moshchalkov
doi:10.1038/nature04595
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (579K) | Supplementary information
Ab initio determination of solid-state nanostructure p655
P. Juhás, D. M. Cherba, P. M. Duxbury, W. F. Punch and S. J. L. Billinge
doi:10.1038/nature04556
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (321K) | Supplementary information
See also: Editor's summary
Melting in the Earth's deep upper mantle caused by carbon dioxide p659
Rajdeep Dasgupta and Marc M. Hirschmann
doi:10.1038/nature04612
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (435K) | Supplementary information
Altruism through beard chromodynamics p663
Vincent A. A. Jansen and Minus van Baalen
doi:10.1038/nature04387
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (802K) | Supplementary information
See also: Editor's summary
Chance and necessity in the evolution of minimal metabolic networks p667
Csaba Pál, Balázs Papp, Martin J. Lercher, Péter Csermely, Stephen G. Oliver and Laurence D. Hurst
doi:10.1038/nature04568
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (590K) | Supplementary information
See also: Editor's summary
Analysis of the DNA sequence and duplication history of human chromosome 15 p671
Michael C. Zody, Manuel Garber, Ted Sharpe, Sarah K. Young, Lee Rowen, Keith O'Neill, Charles A. Whittaker, Michael Kamal, Jean L. Chang, Christina A. Cuomo, Ken Dewar, Michael G. FitzGerald, Chinnappa D. Kodira, Anup Madan, Shizhen Qin, Xiaoping Yang, Nissa Abbasi, Amr Abouelleil, Harindra M. Arachchi, Lida Baradarani, Brian Birditt, Scott Bloom, Toby Bloom, Mark L. Borowsky, Jeremy Burke, Jonathan Butler, April Cook, Kurt DeArellano, David DeCaprio, Lester Dorris, III, Monica Dors, Evan E. Eichler, Reinhard Engels, Jessica Fahey, Peter Fleetwood, Cynthia Friedman, Gary Gearin, Jennifer L. Hall, Grace Hensley, Ericka Johnson, Charlien Jones, Asha Kamat, Amardeep Kaur, Devin P. Locke, Anuradha Madan, Glen Munson, David B. Jaffe, Annie Lui, Pendexter Macdonald, Evan Mauceli, Jerome W. Naylor, Ryan Nesbitt, Robert Nicol, Sinéad B. O'Leary, Amber Ratcliffe, Steven Rounsley, Xinwei She, Katherine M. B. Sneddon, Sandra Stewart, Carrie Sougnez, Sabrina M. Stone, Kerri Topham, Dascena Vincent, Shunguang Wang, Andrew R. Zimmer, Bruce W. Birren, Leroy Hood, Eric S. Lander and Chad Nusbaum
doi:10.1038/nature04601
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (302K) | Supplementary information
See also: Editor's summary
Intellectual ability and cortical development in children and adolescents p676
P. Shaw, D. Greenstein, J. Lerch, L. Clasen, R. Lenroot, N. Gogtay, A. Evans, J. Rapoport and J. Giedd
doi:10.1038/nature04513
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (360K) | Supplementary information
See also: Editor's summary
Reverse replay of behavioural sequences in hippocampal place cells during the awake state p680
David J. Foster and Matthew A. Wilson
doi:10.1038/nature04587
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (1,553K) | Supplementary information
See also: Editor's summary | News and Views by Colgin & Moser
A C. elegans stretch receptor neuron revealed by a mechanosensitive TRP channel homologue p684
Wei Li, Zhaoyang Feng, Paul W. Sternberg and X. Z. Shawn Xu
doi:10.1038/nature04538
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (370K) | Supplementary information
See also: Editor's summary
A silicon transporter in rice p688
Jian Feng Ma, Kazunori Tamai, Naoki Yamaji, Namiki Mitani, Saeko Konishi, Maki Katsuhara, Masaji Ishiguro, Yoshiko Murata and Masahiro Yano
doi:10.1038/nature04590
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (524K) | Supplementary information
See also: Editor's summary
Regulation of cancer cell migration and bone metastasis by RANKL p692
D. Holstead Jones, Tomoki Nakashima, Otto H. Sanchez, Ivona Kozieradzki, Svetlana V. Komarova, Ildiko Sarosi, Sean Morony, Evelyn Rubin, Renu Sarao, Carlo V. Hojilla, Vukoslav Komnenovic, Young-Yun Kong, Martin Schreiber, S. Jeffrey Dixon, Stephen M. Sims, Rama Khokha, Teiji Wada and Josef M. Penninger
doi:10.1038/nature04524
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (431K) | Supplementary information
Analysis of a RanGTP-regulated gradient in mitotic somatic cells p697
Petr Kaláb, Arnd Pralle, Ehud Y. Isacoff, Rebecca Heald and Karsten Weis
doi:10.1038/nature04589
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (455K) | Supplementary information
Oncogenic activity of Cdc6 through repression of the INK4/ARF locus p702
Susana Gonzalez, Peter Klatt, Sonia Delgado, Esther Conde, Fernando Lopez-Rios, Montserrat Sanchez-Cespedes, Juan Mendez, Francisco Antequera and Manuel Serrano
doi:10.1038/nature04585
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (350K) | Supplementary information
See also: Editor's summary
Retraction: Evidence for spin–charge separation in quasi-one-dimensional organic conductors p707
T. Lorenz, M. Hofmann, M. Grüninger, A. Freimuth, G. S. Uhrig, M. Dumm and M. Dressel
doi:10.1038/nature04621
Retraction: Magnetic carbon p707
T. L. Makarova, B. Sundqvist, R. Höhne, P. Esquinazi, Y. Kopelevich, P. Scharff, V. Davydov, L. S. Kashevarova and A. V. Rakhmanina
doi:10.1038/nature04622
Corrigendum: Psoriasis-like skin disease and arthritis caused by inducible epidermal deletion of Jun proteins p708
Rainer Zenz, Robert Eferl, Lukas Kenner, Lore Florin, Lars Hummerich, Denis Mehic, Harald Scheuch, Peter Angel, Erwin Tschachler and Erwin F. Wagner
doi:10.1038/nature04620
Naturejobs
ProspectCracking the tax code p709
Double-checking tax status could mean a refund for some US postdocs.
Paul Smaglik
doi:10.1038/nj7084-709a
Careers and Recruitment
Written in the blood p710
Research into angiogenesis has survived the 1990s hype about an imminent cure for cancer, and shows promising results in many areas — but don't tell the newspapers, says Ricki Lewis.
Ricki Lewis
doi:10.1038/nj7084-710a
Career Views
Scott Hubbard, Carl Sagan chair for the study of life in the Universe, SETI Institute, Mountain View, California p712
Space scientist searches for life
Virginia Gewin
doi:10.1038/nj7084-712a
Emerging into the light p712
Matching mentors with protégés can jump-start careers
Lyn Holness
doi:10.1038/nj7084-712b
Off the straight and narrow p712
Final year finds grad student resisting tunnel vision
Katja Bargum
doi:10.1038/nj7084-712c
Futures
Party smart card p714
A transfer of allegiance.
Barrington J. Bayley
doi:10.1038/440714a