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Letter
Nature 440, 72-75 (2 March 2006) | doi:10.1038/nature04507; Received 22 February 2005; Accepted 30 November 2005
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Uplift, thermal unrest and magma intrusion at Yellowstone caldera
Charles W. Wicks1, Wayne Thatcher1, Daniel Dzurisin2 & Jerry Svarc1
- US Geological Survey, MS 977, Menlo Park, California 94555, USA
- US Geological Survey, David A. Johnston Cascades Volcano Observatory, 1300 SE Cardinal Court, Bldg 10, Suite 100, Vancouver, Washington 98683, USA
Correspondence to: Charles W. Wicks1 Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to C.W.W. (Email: cwicks@usgs.gov).
Abstract
The Yellowstone caldera, in the western United States, formed
640,000 years ago when an explosive eruption ejected
1,000 km3 of material1. It is the youngest of a series of large calderas that formed during sequential cataclysmic eruptions that began
16 million years ago in eastern Oregon and northern Nevada. The Yellowstone caldera was largely buried by rhyolite lava flows during eruptions that occurred from
150,000 to
70,000 years ago1. Since the last eruption, Yellowstone has remained restless, with high seismicity, continuing uplift/subsidence episodes with movements of
70 cm historically2 to several metres since the Pleistocene epoch3, and intense hydrothermal activity. Here we present observations of a new mode of surface deformation in Yellowstone, based on radar interferometry observations from the European Space Agency ERS-2 satellite. We infer that the observed pattern of uplift and subsidence results from variations in the movement of molten basalt into and out of the Yellowstone volcanic system.
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