Editorials

When a vaccine is safe p509

Unfounded public fears place pressures on vaccine developers that go beyond reasonable safety considerations, as the search for an acceptable vaccine against Lyme disease may demonstrate.

doi:10.1038/439509a

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Recycling the past p509

The reprocessing of nuclear fuel is an idea that should be laid to rest.

doi:10.1038/439509b

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Malaria quagmire p510

Progress in addressing Africa's largest health problem remains painfully slow.

doi:10.1038/439510a

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Research Highlights

Research highlights p512

doi:10.1038/439512a

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News

Doubts over biochemist's data expose holes in Japanese fraud laws p514

Tokyo university decides that RNA work is not reproducable.

Ichiko Fuyuno and David Cyranoski

doi:10.1038/439514a

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Snapshot: Weather watch p515

Europe's newest satellite sends back colourful view of Earth.

Mark Peplow

doi:10.1038/439515a

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Germany urges NASA to save airborne telescope p515

Fears grow that SOFIA observatory faces the axe.

Tony Reichhard

doi:10.1038/439515b

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Sidelines p516

doi:10.1038/439516a

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Experts plan to reclaim the web for pop science p516

Can peer-reviewed portals strengthen Internet information?

Declan Butler

doi:10.1038/439516b

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Senators seek cash to save US science p517

Republicans and Democrats join forces for more investment.

Geoff Brumfiel

doi:10.1038/439517a

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Stem-cell tagging shows flaws p519

Trusted labelling technique is called into question.

Helen Pearson

doi:10.1038/439519a

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Should journals police scientific fraud? p520

Editors don't expect peer review to catch deliberate fakers. But recent scandals mean that journals are looking at other ways to detect fabricated papers. Emma Marris investigates.

Emma Marris

doi:10.1038/439520a

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Forensic software traces tweaks to images p520

Fraud-busting program hunts for doctored pictures.

Helen Pearson

doi:10.1038/439520b

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News in brief p522

doi:10.1038/439522a

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Correction p522

doi:10.1038/439522b

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News Features

Lyme disease: Uphill Struggle p524

The first vaccine against Lyme disease was withdrawn because patients distrusted it. Should market forces be allowed to shape the next one, asks Alison Abbott.

doi:10.1038/439524a

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Radio astronomy: High and dry p526

Two decades after plans were set in motion for the world's most powerful ground-based telescope, astronomers are bracing themselves for a downgrade to curb escalating costs. Jeff Kanipe reports.

doi:10.1038/439526a

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See also: Editor's summary

Endangered species: Time to raise the devil p530

A horrible facial cancer is decimating the Tasmanian devil population. But researchers in Australia think they have found a way to save the species. Carina Dennis reports.

doi:10.1038/439530a

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Business

Ticking the right boxes p533

Probing parasite's evasive tricks could herald novel anti-inflammatory compounds.

Colin Macilwain

doi:10.1038/439533a

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In brief p533

doi:10.1038/439533b

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Correspondence

Gene-function wiki would let biologists pool worldwide resources p534

Kai Wang

doi:10.1038/439534a

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Conferences that welcome spouses aid research too p534

David A. Shaywitz

doi:10.1038/439534b

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Mudskippers undermine ID claims on macroevolution p534

U. Kutschera

doi:10.1038/439534c

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Reader-appeal should not outweigh merit of research p534

Emilio Artacho

doi:10.1038/439534d

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Books and Arts

A natural history of religion p535

A darwinian philosopher turns his attention to the strength of religion in the United States.

Michael Ruse reviews Breaking the Spell: Religion as a Natural Phenomenon by Daniel C. Dennett

doi:10.1038/439535a

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History by numbers p536

Jeremy Gray reviews God Created the Integers: The Mathematical Breakthroughs that Changed History

doi:10.1038/439536a

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Science in culture: A culture of knowledge p536

An exhibition in Paris explores the golden age of Islamic science.

Pete Jeffs

doi:10.1038/439536b

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Sex and power p537

Tracey Chapman reviews Sexual Conflict by Göran Arnqvist and Locke Rowe

doi:10.1038/439537a

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Essay

The third Bond p539

When James Watson and Francis Crick unveiled their structure of DNA, one of the two kinds of base pair in the molecule was given two hydrogen bonds instead of three. Who spotted the third bond and when?

Simon Wain-Hobson

doi:10.1038/439539a

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News and Views

Solar system: A planet more, a planet less? p541

Further observations of an object dubbed 2003 UB₃₁₃, which lies beyond Neptune, show that its diameter is around 3,100 kilometres. This makes it larger than Pluto, the smallest 'traditional' Solar System planet.

Scott S. Sheppard

doi:10.1038/439541a

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See also: Editor's summary

Molecular biology: Prime-time progress p542

DNA is duplicated within a complex macromolecular machine. Insights into how replication begins and how this is coordinated with progression of DNA synthesis come from a diverse range of sources.

Stephen D. Bell

doi:10.1038/439542a

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Materials Science: Colloids get complex p545

Self-organization of soft-matter components can create complex and beautiful structures. But the intricate structures created by adding a second stage of organization could reveal more than just a pretty face.

Alfons van Blaaderen

doi:10.1038/439545a

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50 & 100 years ago p545

doi:10.1038/439545b

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Neurobiology: Memories of a fruitfly p546

Despite its tiny size, the fruitfly brain is staggeringly intricate. So teasing apart how it remembers things — even a simple line pattern — is a daunting task. Progress is being made, thanks to genetic innovations.

William G. Quinn

doi:10.1038/439546a

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Fluid dynamics: Flows like smoke and honey p547

May Chiao

doi:10.1038/439547a

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Chemistry: Catalysts live and up close p548

Designing efficient solid-state catalysts would be easier if we knew which parts of them do what. Fluorescence microscopy could help: the technique allows single catalytic events to be observed in real time.

Bert M. Weckhuysen

doi:10.1038/439548a

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Brief Communications

Allograft theory: Transmission of devil facial-tumour disease p549

An uncanny similarity in the karyotype of these malignant tumours means that they could be infective.

A.-M. Pearse and K. Swift

doi:10.1038/439549a

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (156K) | Supplementary information

See also: Editor's summary

Articles

Distinct memory traces for two visual features in the Drosophila brain p551

Gang Liu, Holger Seiler, Ai Wen, Troy Zars, Kei Ito, Reinhard Wolf, Martin Heisenberg and Li Liu

doi:10.1038/nature04381

Abstract | Full Text | PDF (498K) | Supplementary information

See also: Editor's summary | News and Views by Quinn

Replication fork reactivation downstream of a blocked nascent leading strand p557

Ryan C. Heller and Kenneth J. Marians

doi:10.1038/nature04329

Abstract | Full Text | PDF (335K)

See also: Editor's summary | News and Views by Bell

Letters

The trans-neptunian object UB₃₁₃ is larger than Pluto p563

F. Bertoldi, W. Altenhoff, A. Weiss, K.M. Menten and C. Thum

doi:10.1038/nature04494

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See also: Editor's summary | News and Views by Sheppard

A low density of 0.8 g cm^-3 for the Trojan binary asteroid 617 Patroclus p565

Franck Marchis, Daniel Hestroffer, Pascal Descamps, Jérôme Berthier, Antonin H. Bouchez, Randall D. Campbell, Jason C. Y. Chin, Marcos A. van Dam, Scott K. Hartman, Erik M. Johansson, Robert E. Lafon, David Le Mignant, Imke de Pater, Paul J. Stomski, Doug M. Summers, Frédéric Vachier, Peter L. Wizinovich and Michael H. Wong

doi:10.1038/nature04350

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (193K) | Supplementary information

Disruption of extended defects in solid oxide fuel cell anodes for methane oxidation p568

Juan Carlos Ruiz-Morales, Jesús Canales-Vázquez, Cristian Savaniu, David Marrero-López, Wuzong Zhou and John T. S. Irvine

doi:10.1038/nature04438

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Spatially resolved observation of crystal-face-dependent catalysis by single turnover counting p572

Maarten B. J. Roeffaers, Bert F. Sels, Hiroshi Uji-i, Frans C. De Schryver, Pierre A. Jacobs, Dirk E. De Vos and Johan Hofkens

doi:10.1038/nature04502

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (353K) | Supplementary information

See also: News and Views by Weckhuysen | Authors

Malaria early warnings based on seasonal climate forecasts from multi-model ensembles p576

M. C. Thomson, F. J. Doblas-Reyes, S. J. Mason, R. Hagedorn, S. J. Connor, T. Phindela, A. P. Morse and T. N. Palmer

doi:10.1038/nature04503

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Episodic growth of the Gondwana supercontinent from hafnium and oxygen isotopes in zircon p580

A. I. S. Kemp, C. J. Hawkesworth, B. A. Paterson and P. D. Kinny

doi:10.1038/nature04505

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (258K) | Supplementary information

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Early evolution of the venom system in lizards and snakes p584

Bryan G. Fry, Nicolas Vidal, Janette A. Norman, Freek J. Vonk, Holger Scheib, S. F. Ryan Ramjan, Sanjaya Kuruppu, Kim Fung, S. Blair Hedges, Michael K. Richardson, Wayne. C. Hodgson, Vera Ignjatovic, Robyn Summerhayes and Elazar Kochva

doi:10.1038/nature04328

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (348K) | Supplementary information

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GABA regulates synaptic integration of newly generated neurons in the adult brain p589

Shaoyu Ge, Eyleen L. K. Goh, Kurt A. Sailor, Yasuji Kitabatake, Guo-li Ming and Hongjun Song

doi:10.1038/nature04404

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (590K) | Supplementary information

Lgl, Pins and aPKC regulate neuroblast self-renewal versus differentiation p594

Cheng-Yu Lee, Kristin J. Robinson and Chris Q. Doe

doi:10.1038/nature04299

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (491K) | Supplementary information

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Stem cell engraftment at the endosteal niche is specified by the calcium-sensing receptor p599

Gregor B. Adams, Karissa T. Chabner, Ian R. Alley, Douglas P. Olson, Zbigniew M. Szczepiorkowski, Mark C. Poznansky, Claudine H. Kos, Martin R. Pollak, Edward M. Brown and David T. Scadden

doi:10.1038/nature04247

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (413K) | Supplementary information

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Functional genomics reveals genes involved in protein secretion and Golgi organization p604

Frederic Bard, Laetitia Casano, Arrate Mallabiabarrena, Erin Wallace, Kota Saito, Hitoshi Kitayama, Gianni Guizzunti, Yue Hu, Franz Wendler, Ramanuj DasGupta, Norbert Perrimon and Vivek Malhotra

doi:10.1038/nature04377

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (1,071K) | Supplementary information

Gene network shaping of inherent noise spectra p608

D. W. Austin, M. S. Allen, J. M. McCollum, R. D. Dar, J. R. Wilgus, G. S. Sayler, N. F. Samatova, C. D. Cox and M. L. Simpson

doi:10.1038/nature04194

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (389K) | Supplementary information

Structure of epsilon15 bacteriophage reveals genome organization and DNA packaging/injection apparatus p612

Wen Jiang, Juan Chang, Joanita Jakana, Peter Weigele, Jonathan King and Wah Chiu

doi:10.1038/nature04487

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (477K) | Supplementary information

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The mechanism of DNA replication primer synthesis by RNA polymerase p617

Nikolay Zenkin, Tatyana Naryshkina, Konstantin Kuznedelov and Konstantin Severinov

doi:10.1038/nature04337

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (220K) | Supplementary information

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DNA primase acts as a molecular brake in DNA replication p621

Jong-Bong Lee, Richard K. Hite, Samir M. Hamdan, X. Sunney Xie, Charles C. Richardson and Antoine M. van Oijen

doi:10.1038/nature04317

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (769K) | Supplementary information

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Structure of the cyclic-AMP-responsive exchange factor Epac2 in its auto-inhibited state p625

Holger Rehmann, Joost Das, Puck Knipscheer, Alfred Wittinghofer and Johannes L. Bos

doi:10.1038/nature04468

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (363K) | Supplementary information

Naturejobs

Stress management p629

Universities take a look at postdocs' mental-health issues

Paul Smaglik

doi:10.1038/nj7076-629a

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Ernst Ulrich von Weizsäcker, dean, Donald Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California, Santa Barbara p630

German environmentalist journeys from academia to parliament and back again.

Virginia Gewin

doi:10.1038/nj7076-630a

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Grooming women entrepreneurs p630

Professional organization helps women scientists move from bench to board room.

Robbie Melton

doi:10.1038/nj7076-630b

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A new chapter p630

A watershed year for a former Graduate Journal writer brings fresh career opportunities.

Amber Jenkins

doi:10.1038/nj7076-630c

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Highlight: The National Institutes of Health

doi:10.1038/nj0111

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Futures

Hiking the roof of the world p632

Just a few simple preparations.

Richard A. Lovett

doi:10.1038/439632a

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