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Letter
Nature 438, 1172-1175 (22 December 2005) | doi:10.1038/nature04270; Received 4 May 2005; Accepted 30 September 2005
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WUSCHEL controls meristem function by direct regulation of cytokinin-inducible response regulators
Andrea Leibfried1, Jennifer P. C. To2, Wolfgang Busch1,3, Sandra Stehling1,3, Andreas Kehle1, Monika Demar1, Joseph J. Kieber2 & Jan U. Lohmann1
- Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, AG Lohmann, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
Correspondence to: Jan U. Lohmann1 Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to J.U.L. (Email: jlohmann@tuebingen.mpg.de). Microarray data have been deposited at ArrayExpress (http://www.ebi.ac.uk/arrayexpress/) under accession number E-MEXP-432.
Abstract
Plants continuously maintain pools of totipotent stem cells in their apical meristems from which elaborate root and shoot systems are produced. In Arabidopsis thaliana, stem cell fate in the shoot apical meristem is controlled by a regulatory network that includes the CLAVATA (CLV) ligand–receptor system and the homeodomain protein WUSCHEL (WUS)1, 2. Phytohormones such as auxin and cytokinin are also important for meristem regulation3. Here we show a mechanistic link between the CLV/WUS network and hormonal control. WUS, a positive regulator of stem cells, directly represses the transcription of several two-component ARABIDOPSIS RESPONSE REGULATOR genes (ARR5, ARR6, ARR7 and ARR15), which act in the negative-feedback loop of cytokinin signalling4, 5. These data indicate that ARR genes might negatively influence meristem size and that their repression by WUS might be necessary for proper meristem function. Consistent with this hypothesis is our observation that a mutant ARR7 allele, which mimics the active, phosphorylated form, causes the formation of aberrant shoot apical meristems. Conversely, a loss-of-function mutation in a maize ARR homologue was recently shown to cause enlarged meristems6.
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