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Nature 437, 484-485 (22 September 2005) | doi:10.1038/437484a; Published online 21 September 2005

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Structural biology: Origins of chemical biodefence

Robert Liddington1 & Laurie Bankston1

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The idea that complex biological systems can evolve through a series of simple, random events is not universally accepted. The structure of a vital immune protein shows how such evolution can occur at a molecular level.

Before antibodies evolved, primitive multicellular organisms devised a general defence system against bacterial and viral invaders called 'innate immunity'. The system has survived in vertebrates with its core components little changed during the intervening 700 million years1.

  1. Robert Liddington and Laurie Bankston are at the Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, The Burnham Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.
    Email: rlidding@burnham.org

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