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Nature 436, 857-860 (11 August 2005) | doi:10.1038/nature03873;

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Voltage-sensor activation with a tarantula toxin as cargo

The opening and closing of voltage-activated Na|[plus]|, Ca2|[plus]| and K|[plus]| (Kv) channels underlies electrical and chemical signalling throughout biology, yet the structural basis of voltage sensing is unknown. Hanatoxin is a tarantula toxin that inhibits Kv channels by binding to voltage-sensor paddles, crucial helix-turn-helix motifs within the voltage-sensing domains that are composed of S3b and S4 helices.

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