Editorials

India's just deserts p441

The nuclear technology transfer deal agreed by the United States and India makes some sense on its own merits — but it leaves international non-proliferation efforts in disarray.

doi: 10.1038/436441a

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Born to be in Brussels p441

The proposed European Research Council will be safest under the wing of the European Commission.

doi: 10.1038/436441b

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Independence at the top p442

The US Food and Drug Administration badly needs some strong and stable leadership.

doi: 10.1038/436442a

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Research Highlights

Research highlights p444

doi: 10.1038/436444a

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News

Nuclear deal riles India's researchers p446

Scientists say home-grown programme will suffer as international isolation ends.

Declan Butler and K. S. Jayaraman

doi: 10.1038/436446a

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Sighting of 'extinct' bird may have been a case of mistaken identity p447

Doubts raised over validity of ivory-bill woodpecker report.

Rex Dalton

doi: 10.1038/436447a

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Beta-blockers tackle memories of horror p448

Common drug might treat post-traumatic stress disorder.

Jim Giles

doi: 10.1038/436448a

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Sidelines p450

doi: 10.1038/436450a

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Senate hearings strengthen calls for US action over climate p450

Winds of change blow through Congress.

Andreas von Bubnoff

doi: 10.1038/436450b

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Snapshot:  Fresh scope p451

Archive photograph shows Darwinism in the dock.

doi: 10.1038/436451a

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Australian scientists protest at loss of funding board p451

Academic community fears lobbying power will be lost to government.

Carina Dennis

doi: 10.1038/436451b

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Biodiversity and climate form focus of forest canopy plan p452

International rainforest project looks skywards.

Michael Hopkin

doi: 10.1038/436452a

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Neuroscientists see red over Dalai Lama p452

Researchers petition against meditation lecture.

David Cyranoski

doi: 10.1038/436452b

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News in brief p453

doi: 10.1038/436453a

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News Features

In defence of data p454

As spokesman for America's scientific élite, Ralph Cicerone will have to do some tough talking in Washington. Emma Marris asks him how he'll ensure that politicians will listen to the science.

doi: 10.1038/436454a

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Lymphatic system:  Unlocking the drains p456

After centuries of playing second fiddle to the blood system, our lymphatic circulation is coming into its own as a key player in diseases ranging from cancer to asthma. Phyllida Brown reports.

doi: 10.1038/436456a

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Business

Painkiller in the dock p459

Still reeling from the loss of its blockbuster pill Vioxx, Merck is now in court to face its first lawsuit over the drug. Meredith Wadman reports.

doi: 10.1038/436459a

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Correspondence

Sanctions should not apply to biomedical research p460

Ahmad Jalili

doi: 10.1038/436460a

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Bioterror killed five in US; guns kill 30,000 a year p460

David R. Whitlock

doi: 10.1038/436460b

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Ethics debate is what put Newcastle paper in the news p460

Alison Murdoch and Miodrag Stojkovic

doi: 10.1038/436460c

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Misconduct: lower ranks take most of the blame p460

Shawn G. Clouthier

doi: 10.1038/436460d

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Books and Arts

Power and the people p461

A wide-ranging look at the future of the nuclear power industry.

Michael Golay reviews Nuclear Renaissance: Technologies and Policies for the Future of Nuclear Power by William Nuttall

doi: 10.1038/436461a

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A planet tells its story p462

Simon Lamb reviews Reading the Rocks: The Autobiography of the Earth by Marcia Bjornerud

doi: 10.1038/436462a

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Laying down the laws p463

Stephen G. Brush reviews When Physics Became King by Iwan Rhys Morus

doi: 10.1038/436463a

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Exhibition:  Snow business p463

doi: 10.1038/436463b

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Essay

Outsmarted by ants p465

An elegant orientation solution that is used by ants to get back to their nest eluded even Richard Feynman, suggesting that social insects could help to solve many of our engineering problems.

Francis Ratnieks

doi: 10.1038/436465a

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News and Views

Earth sciences:  Ghosts from within p467

The first detection of geoneutrinos from beneath our feet is a landmark result. It will allow better estimation of the abundances and distributions of radioactive elements in the Earth, and of the Earth's overall heat budget.

William F. McDonough

doi: 10.1038/436467a

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Cancer:  One step at a time p468

Traditional chemotherapy kills tumour cells directly; some newer drugs work instead by cutting the tumour's blood supply. An innovative approach combines these strategies sequentially to pack a double whammy.

David Mooney

doi: 10.1038/436468a

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Carbon cycle:  The age of the Amazon's breath p469

The inorganic carbon carried in rivers of the Amazon basin seems to originate largely from the decomposition of young plant material — a finding that improves our understanding of the role of rivers in the carbon cycle.

Peter A. Raymond

doi: 10.1038/436469a

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Cognitive neuroscience:  Decision amid uncertainty p471

Choosing whether to stick to a belief or to abandon it in the face of uncertainty is central to human behaviour. Modelling implicates brain chemicals called neuromodulators in adjudicating this essential decision.

Jonathan D. Cohen and Gary Aston-Jones

doi: 10.1038/436471a

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Materials science:  Sticky business p471

Rosamund Daw

doi: 10.1038/436471b

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Quantum optics:  Crystal-clear images p472

Two experiments that use nonlinear crystals to control the spatial distribution of photons in optical images bring the field of quantum imaging closer to maturity. Quantum information processing could ultimately benefit.

Claude Fabre

doi: 10.1038/436472a

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Neuroscience:  Genomics reaches the synapse p473

A genomic survey uses innovative genetics to make neurons susceptible to RNA-mediated gene inactivation. The results implicate many genes in communication at the synapse between neurons and muscle.

Cori Bargmann

doi: 10.1038/436473a

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50 and 100 years ago p473

doi: 10.1038/436473b

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Brief Communications

Forgery:  'Fingerprinting' documents and packaging p475

Unique surface imperfections serve as an easily identifiable feature in the fight against fraud.

James D. R. Buchanan, Russell P. Cowburn, Ana-Vanessa Jausovec, Dorothée Petit, Peter Seem, Gang Xiong, Del Atkinson, Kate Fenton, Dan A. Allwood and Matthew T. Bryan

doi: 10.1038/436475a

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Insect defences:  Taste alteration and endoparasites p476

Elizabeth A. Bernays and Michael S. Singer

doi: 10.1038/436476a

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (230K) | Supplementary information

Brief Communications Arising

Climate:  How unusual is today's solar activity? pE3

Raimund Muscheler, Fortunat Joos, Simon A. Müller and Ian Snowball

doi: 10.1038/nature04045

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (603K)

Climate:  How unusual is today's solar activity? (reply) pE4

S. K. Solanki, I. G. Usoskin, B. Kromer, M. Schüssler and J. Beer

doi: 10.1038/nature04046

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (93K)

Articles

Experimental investigation of geologically produced antineutrinos with KamLAND p499

T. Araki, S. Enomoto, K. Furuno, Y. Gando, K. Ichimura, H. Ikeda, K. Inoue, Y. Kishimoto, M. Koga, Y. Koseki, T. Maeda, T. Mitsui, M. Motoki, K. Nakajima, H. Ogawa, M. Ogawa, K. Owada, J.-S. Ricol, I. Shimizu, J. Shirai, F. Suekane, A. Suzuki, K. Tada, S. Takeuchi, K. Tamae, Y. Tsuda, H. Watanabe, J. Busenitz, T. Classen, Z. Djurcic, G. Keefer, D. Leonard, A. Piepke, E. Yakushev, B. E. Berger, Y. D. Chan, M. P. Decowski, D. A. Dwyer, S. J. Freedman, B. K. Fujikawa, J. Goldman, F. Gray, K. M. Heeger, L. Hsu, K. T. Lesko, K.-B. Luk, H. Murayama, T. O'Donnell, A. W. P. Poon, H. M. Steiner, L. A. Winslow, C. Mauger, R. D. McKeown, P. Vogel, C. E. Lane, T. Miletic, G. Guillian, J. G. Learned, J. Maricic, S. Matsuno, S. Pakvasa, G. A. Horton-Smith, S. Dazeley, S. Hatakeyama, A. Rojas, R. Svoboda, B. D. Dieterle, J. Detwiler, G. Gratta, K. Ishii, N. Tolich, Y. Uchida, M. Batygov, W. Bugg, Y. Efremenko, Y. Kamyshkov, A. Kozlov, Y. Nakamura, H. J. Karwowski, D. M. Markoff, K. Nakamura, R. M. Rohm, W. Tornow, R. Wendell, M.-J. Chen, Y.-F. Wang and F. Piquemal

doi: 10.1038/nature03980

Abstract | Full Text | PDF (383K)

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Evidence for magmatic evolution and diversity on Mars from infrared observations p504

P. R. Christensen, H. Y. McSween, Jr, J. L. Bandfield, S. W. Ruff, A. D. Rogers, V. E. Hamilton, N. Gorelick, M. B. Wyatt, B. M. Jakosky, H. H. Kieffer, M. C. Malin and J. E. Moersch

doi: 10.1038/nature03639

Abstract | Full Text | PDF (475K)

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Systematic analysis of genes required for synapse structure and function p510

Derek Sieburth, QueeLim Ch'ng, Michael Dybbs, Masoud Tavazoie, Scott Kennedy, Duo Wang, Denis Dupuy, Jean-François Rual, David E. Hill, Marc Vidal, Gary Ruvkun and Joshua M. Kaplan

doi: 10.1038/nature03809

Abstract | Full Text | PDF (812K) | Supplementary information

Genes that mediate breast cancer metastasis to lung p518

Andy J. Minn, Gaorav P. Gupta, Peter M. Siegel, Paula D. Bos, Weiping Shu, Dilip D. Giri, Agnes Viale, Adam B. Olshen, William L. Gerald and Joan Massagué

doi: 10.1038/nature03799

Abstract | Full Text | PDF (856K) | Supplementary information

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Letters

The 'solar model problem' solved by the abundance of neon in nearby stars p525

Jeremy J. Drake and Paola Testa

doi: 10.1038/nature03803

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (186K) | Supplementary information

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Crossover from 'mesoscopic' to 'universal' phase for electron transmission in quantum dots p529

M. Avinun-Kalish, M. Heiblum, O. Zarchin, D. Mahalu and V. Umansky

doi: 10.1038/nature03899

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (807K)

Unconventional critical behaviour in a quasi-two-dimensional organic conductor p534

F. Kagawa, K. Miyagawa and K. Kanoda

doi: 10.1038/nature03806

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (2,224K) | Supplementary information

Young organic matter as a source of carbon dioxide outgassing from Amazonian rivers p538

Emilio Mayorga, Anthony K. Aufdenkampe, Caroline A. Masiello, Alex V. Krusche, John I. Hedges, Paul D. Quay, Jeffrey E. Richey and Thomas A. Brown

doi: 10.1038/nature03880

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (320K) | Supplementary information

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A sharp lithosphere–asthenosphere boundary imaged beneath eastern North America p542

Catherine A. Rychert, Karen M. Fischer and Stéphane Rondenay

doi: 10.1038/nature03904

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Host shift to an invasive plant triggers rapid animal hybrid speciation p546

Dietmar Schwarz, Benjamin M. Matta, Nicole L. Shakir-Botteri and Bruce A. McPheron

doi: 10.1038/nature03800

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (243K) | Supplementary information

Robust habit learning in the absence of awareness and independent of the medial temporal lobe p550

Peter J. Bayley, Jennifer C. Frascino and Larry R. Squire

doi: 10.1038/nature03857

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (198K) | Supplementary information

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Molecular recycling within amyloid fibrils p554

Natàlia Carulla, Gemma L. Caddy, Damien R. Hall, Jesús Zurdo, Margarida Gairí, Miguel Feliz, Ernest Giralt, Carol V. Robinson and Christopher M. Dobson

doi: 10.1038/nature03986

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (430K) | Supplementary information

Action potential refractory period in ureter smooth muscle is set by Ca sparks and BK channels p559

T. Burdyga and Susan Wray

doi: 10.1038/nature03834

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Somatic control of germline sexual development is mediated by the JAK/STAT pathway p563

Matthew Wawersik, Allison Milutinovich, Abbie L. Casper, Erika Matunis, Brian Williams and Mark Van Doren

doi: 10.1038/nature03849

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (297K)

Temporal targeting of tumour cells and neovasculature with a nanoscale delivery system p568

Shiladitya Sengupta, David Eavarone, Ishan Capila, Ganlin Zhao, Nicki Watson, Tanyel Kiziltepe and Ram Sasisekharan

doi: 10.1038/nature03794

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The Lyme disease agent exploits a tick protein to infect the mammalian host p573

Nandhini Ramamoorthi, Sukanya Narasimhan, Utpal Pal, Fukai Bao, Xiaofeng F. Yang, Durland Fish, Juan Anguita, Michael V. Norgard, Fred S. Kantor, John F. Anderson, Raymond A. Koski and Erol Fikrig

doi: 10.1038/nature03812

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (481K) | Supplementary information

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T-cell receptor triggering is critically dependent on the dimensions of its peptide-MHC ligand p578

Kaushik Choudhuri, David Wiseman, Marion H. Brown, Keith Gould and P. Anton van der Merwe

doi: 10.1038/nature03843

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Functional coordination of intraflagellar transport motors p583

Guangshuo Ou, Oliver E. Blacque, Joshua J. Snow, Michel R. Leroux and Jonathan M. Scholey

doi: 10.1038/nature03818

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (382K) | Supplementary information

Optimality and evolutionary tuning of the expression level of a protein p588

Erez Dekel and Uri Alon

doi: 10.1038/nature03842

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (285K) | Supplementary information

Somatic misexpression of germline P granules and enhanced RNA interference in retinoblastoma pathway mutants p593

Duo Wang, Scott Kennedy, Darryl Conte, Jr, John K. Kim, Harrison W. Gabel, Ravi S. Kamath, Craig C. Mello and Gary Ruvkun

doi: 10.1038/nature04010

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (350K) | Supplementary information

Naturejobs

India's changing face p599

Subcontinent is becoming more than an outsourcing outpost

Paul Smaglik

doi:10.1038/nj7050-599a

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Floyd Bloom, chief scientific officer and chairman of the board, Neurome, La Jolla, California p600

Former Science editor thrives on breadth

Floyd Bloom

doi:10.1038/nj7050-600a

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Recruiters & Academia p600

Open-source offers solutions for science software education

Greg Wilson

doi:10.1038/nj7050-600b

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Graduate Journal:  Crisis of faith p600

Graduate student evaluates pecking order

Karolina Tkaczuk

doi:10.1038/nj7050-600c

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Futures

The forever kitten p602

Beyond nine lives.

Peter F. Hamilton

doi: 10.1038/436602a

Full Text | PDF (207K)