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Nature 436, 333-334 (21 July 2005) | doi:10.1038/436333a; Published online 20 July 2005

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Palaeoclimate:  Foreshadowing the glacial era

Lee R. Kump1

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Under what circumstances do glaciations persist or occur only transiently? Indications that short-lived 'icehouse' conditions occurred during the otherwise warm Eocene provide further cause for debate on the question.

Earth entered its present glacial state 34 million years ago with the growth of the Antarctic ice sheet1. This major climate transition occurred abruptly and essentially irreversibly at the Eocene–Oligocene boundary, a conclusion based on the record of ice-sheet size preserved in the oxygen isotopic composition of limestones2, 3.

  1. Lee R. Kump is in the Department of Geosciences, Pennsylvania State University, 535 Deike Building, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA.
    Email: lkump@psu.edu

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