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Britain's main public funders for research seem to have achieved the impossible — they've come up with a policy that pleases both sides in the debate over open-access publishing. But appearances can be deceptive. Behind public praise for the statement, some publishers are voicing fears that small journals will go out of business, which could put scientific societies at risk.
Opponents of the current system of scientific publishing have lobbied hard in recent years, calling for all publicly funded research to be made available in free-to-access journals or archives. Their campaign, which in the United States included television adverts, has worried academic publishers. The fear is that libraries will cancel their subscriptions if papers are made available for free.
Supporters of open access are claiming victory in the wake of rules drawn up by Britain's research councils, which distribute most government science funding. The policy has delighted them because it requires all council-funded papers be put in an open-access archive “as soon as possible” after publication. Other major funders of research around the globe, including the US National Institutes of Health (NIH), allow researchers to wait up to a year before depositing their work.
Stevan Harnad, an advocate of open access and a cognitive scientist at the University of Southampton, believes that the UK policy's insistence on submission will make the use of open-access archives a regular part of academic life. “Once the history of this is written, this statement will be the single most important factor,” he says.
But a crucial change to the policy, made following complaints from publishers, could dilute the power of archives. After consulting on an initial draft issued last autumn, the councils changed the policy so that submissions to archives will be subject to the copyright and licensing arrangement of the journal publishing the paper. Publishing executives say privately that they can now rewrite their rules so that submission takes place after a delay of several months, which will protect their subscription revenues. (See Box)
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University of Southampton: Open Access and Self-Archiving
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Giles, J. UK research councils claim success for open-access publishing plan. Nature 435, 543 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1038/435543a
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/435543a
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