Britain's research base is flourishing, and Tony Blair's last two governments can take much of the credit for it. But his third needs to focus on the troubled state of the universities.
doi:10.1038/435129a
目次
Volume 435 Number 7039 pp129-246
(this content only available online) indicates content that is available online only
Top of page
Editorials
Blair's failure p129
Proposals, please p129
You have one more month to submit proposals for ESOF2006, a fledgling but important forum for European science.
doi:10.1038/435129b
Top of page
News
'Refusal to share' leaves agency struggling to monitor bird flu p131
The WHO isn't being sent samples of deadly H5N1 virus.
Declan Butler
doi:10.1038/435131a
Nations spar over erosion of nuclear treaty p132
Non-proliferation meeting can't even agree agenda.
Geoff Brumfiel
doi:10.1038/435132a
Polio fight falters as Yemen and Java report fresh cases p133
Competition boosts bid to find human genes p134
Teams race to develop better predictive software.
Alison Abbott
doi:10.1038/435134a
Early martian visitors are caught on camera p134
Cleaner skies leave global warming forecasts uncertain p135
Will reduced air pollution hasten climate change?
Quirin Schiermeier
doi:10.1038/435135a
Wanted: scientists to shape Europe's future research policy p135
New agency's governing council will soon be named.
Alison Abbott
doi:10.1038/435135b
news in brief p136
doi:10.1038/435136a
Editorial note p137
doi:10.1038/435137a
Top of page
News Features
Chinese clinical trials: Consenting adults? Not necessarily... p138
Companies and scientists in the West are keen to test their drugs in China, which is an important future market. But those running clinical trials need to be on their guard, says David Cyranoski.
David Cyranoski
doi:10.1038/435138a
Spanish astronomy: Rising star p140
As construction on the world's largest optical telescope nears completion in Spain, the country's astronomers are gearing up for an expanded role on the global stage. Mark Peplow follows the preparations for first light.
Mark Peplow
doi:10.1038/435140a
Top of page
Correspondence
Universities should foster neglected-disease work p143
Shifting the focus from patents and revenue to human welfare would speed progress.
Dave A. Chokshi
doi:10.1038/435143a
Two-stage drug approval would reduce the risks p143
Seeing clearly is not necessarily believing p143
Top of page
Books and Arts
Death on the farm p145
Hitting the right note p146
doi:10.1038/435146a
Science in culture: Womb with a view? p147
All is not as it seems in a television programme on the life of a fetus.
Martin Kemp
doi:10.1038/435147a
An autistic look at animals p147
doi:10.1038/435147b
Don't panic! p148
doi:10.1038/435148a
Top of page
Essay
ConceptNatural symmetry p149
Directional inference: scientific convention applies conclusions from animal studies to humans but not the reverse, contradicting current evidence.
G. A. Bradshaw & Barbara L. Finlay
doi:10.1038/435149a
Top of page
News and Views
免疫：糖尿病を引き起こすのはインスリン
Immunology: Insulin trigger for diabetes p151
Type I diabetes occurs when the immune system destroys crucial cells in the pancreas. But what prompts the body to turn against itself so disastrously? It seems that insulin is the key.
Matthias von Herrath
doi:10.1038/435151a
日本語要約 | Full Text | PDF (168K)
高エネルギー物理学：よりからっぽな空虚？
High-energy physics: An emptier emptiness? p152
Temperatures similar to those reached an instant after the Big Bang can be created in collisions of gold atoms. The resulting fireballs may allow us a glimpse of a world that is more symmetrical than our own.
Frank Wilczek
doi:10.1038/435152a
日本語要約 | Full Text | PDF (488K)
100 and 50 years ago p153
doi:10.1038/435153a
発生生物学：不相称になるのを回避する
Developmental biology: Asymmetrical threat averted p155
The somites are embryonic elements that give rise to the muscles, skeleton and some skin layers of the trunk. They form in a symmetrical fashion, but to do so they must be shielded from asymmetrical cues.
Eran Hornstein & Clifford J. Tabin
doi:10.1038/435155a
日本語要約 | Full Text | PDF (147K)
惑星科学：磁化されている衝突クレーター
Planetary science: Magnetic impact craters p156
Aerial surveys of the Vredefort impact crater in South Africa suggest that it is only weakly magnetic. The rocks themselves tell a different story, but does this apply to giant impact basins on Mars?
David J. Dunlop
doi:10.1038/435156a
日本語要約 | Full Text | PDF (234K)
感覚生理学：脳を持たない眼
Sensory physiology: Brainless eyes p157
The visual equipment of box jellyfish includes eight optically advanced eyes that operate with only a rudimentary nervous system. As they produce blurred images, their function remains an open question.
Rüdiger Wehner
doi:10.1038/435157a
日本語要約 | Full Text | PDF (328K)
粒状媒質：情報を伝達
Granular media: Information propagation p159
The transmission of force through granular matter such as sand is a crucial consideration in certain applications. The behaviour observed depends on the particle interactions as well as on the length scale involved.
Stefan Luding
doi:10.1038/435159a
日本語要約 | Full Text | PDF (218K)
追悼：Stanley J. Korsmeyer氏 (1950-2005)
Obituary: Stanley J. Korsmeyer (1950–2005) p161
Top of page
Brief Communications
Robotics: Self-reproducing machines p163
A set of modular robot cubes accomplish a feat fundamental to biological systems.
Victor Zykov, Efstathios Mytilinaios, Bryant Adams & Hod Lipson
doi:10.1038/435163a
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (315K) | Supplementary information
Botany: A record-breaking pollen catapult p164
Joan Edwards, Dwight Whitaker, Sarah Klionsky & Marta J. Laskowski
doi:10.1038/435164a
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (153K) | Supplementary information
Top of page![]()
![]()
Articles
発生：レチノイン酸シグナル経路はゼブラフィッシュ胚における左右不相称なパターン形成と左右相称な体節形成を結びつける
Retinoic acid signalling links left–right asymmetric patterning and bilaterally symmetric somitogenesis in the zebrafish embryo p165
Yasuhiko Kawakami, Ángel Raya, R. Marina Raya, Concepción Rodríguez-Esteban & Juan Carlos Izpisúa Belmonte
doi:10.1038/nature03512
発生：FGF依存性に左向きノード流の中へ放出されるSonic hedgehogとレチノイン酸を含んだ膜性小胞は左右軸決定に重要な役割を果たす
FGF-induced vesicular release of Sonic hedgehog and retinoic acid in leftward nodal flow is critical for left–right determination p172
Yosuke Tanaka, Yasushi Okada & Nobutaka Hirokawa
doi:10.1038/nature03494
Top of pageA link between prompt optical and prompt
An infrared flash contemporaneous with the
![]()
Letters to Nature
宇宙：γ線バーストにおける即発可視光放射および即発γ線放射との間の関係
A link between prompt optical and prompt 
-ray emission in -ray bursts p178
W. T. Vestrand, P. R. Wozniak, J. A. Wren, E. E. Fenimore, T. Sakamoto, R. R. White, D. Casperson, H. Davis, S. Evans, M. Galassi, K. E. McGowan, J. A. Schier, J. W. Asa, S. D. Barthelmy, J. R. Cummings, N. Gehrels, D. Hullinger, H. A. Krimm, C. B. Markwardt, K. McLean, D. Palmer, A. Parsons & J. Tueller
doi:10.1038/nature03515
宇宙：GRB 041219aのγ線と同時に発生する赤外閃光
An infrared flash contemporaneous with the -rays of GRB 041219a p181
C. H. Blake, J. S. Bloom, D. L. Starr, E. E. Falco, M. Skrutskie, E. E. Fenimore, G. Duchêne, A. Szentgyorgyi, S. Hornstein, J. X. Prochaska, C. McCabe, A. Ghez, Q. Konopacky, K. Stapelfeldt, K. Hurley, R. Campbell, M. Kassis, F. Chaffee, N. Gehrels, S. Barthelmy, J. R. Cummings, D. Hullinger, H. A. Krimm, C. B. Markwardt, D. Palmer, A. Parsons, K. McLean & J. Tueller
doi:10.1038/nature03520
宇宙：大気力学の地形的な強制力によって決められる火星の南極のアルベド
Albedo of the south pole on Mars determined by topographic forcing of atmosphere dynamics p184
Anthony Colaprete, Jeffrey R. Barnes, Robert M. Haberle, Jeffery L. Hollingsworth, Hugh H. Kieffer & Timothy N. Titus
doi:10.1038/nature03561
日本語要約 | Full Text | PDF (397K)
工学：粉粒体の固体における摩擦による弾性の増加
Friction enhances elasticity in granular solids p188
材料：生体ゲルにおける非線形弾性
Nonlinear elasticity in biological gels p191
Cornelis Storm, Jennifer J. Pastore, F. C. MacKintosh, T. C. Lubensky & Paul A. Janmey
doi:10.1038/nature03521
日本語要約 | Full Text | PDF (231K)
地球：プレート全体の応力緩和で説明できるヨーロッパの暁新世盆地の反転
Plate-wide stress relaxation explains European Palaeocene basin inversions p195
Søren B. Nielsen, Erik Thomsen, David L. Hansen & Ole R. Clausen
doi:10.1038/nature03599
日本語要約 | Full Text | PDF (744K)
惑星：ブレデフォート隕石クレーターの古地磁気学的性質と火星のクレーターとの関係
Palaeomagnetism of the Vredefort meteorite crater and implications for craters on Mars p198
Laurent Carporzen, Stuart A. Gilder & Rodger J. Hart
doi:10.1038/nature03560
生理：クラゲの眼に見られる高度の光学特性
Advanced optics in a jellyfish eye p201
Dan-E. Nilsson, Lars Gislén, Melissa M. Coates, Charlotta Skogh & Anders Garm
doi:10.1038/nature03484
日本語要約 | Full Text | PDF (422K)
生態：尻振りダンスで動員されたミツバチの飛行路
The flight paths of honeybees recruited by the waggle dance p205
J. R. Riley, U. Greggers, A. D. Smith, D. R. Reynolds & R. Menzel
doi:10.1038/nature03526
日本語要約 | Full Text | PDF (168K)
生態：人間動態に見られるバーストおよびヘビーテイル現象の起源
The origin of bursts and heavy tails in human dynamics p207
Albert-László Barabási
doi:10.1038/nature03459
聴覚：最初の聴覚シナプスでの減衰のないシグナル伝達を可能にする高速小胞補充
Fast vesicle replenishment allows indefatigable signalling at the first auditory synapse p212
Claudius B. Griesinger, Christopher D. Richards & Jonathan F. Ashmore
doi:10.1038/nature03567
発生：レチノイン酸は脊椎動物胚において体節形成と左右パターン化を調節する
Retinoic acid coordinates somitogenesis and left–right patterning in vertebrate embryos p215
Julien Vermot & Olivier Pourquié
doi:10.1038/nature03488
免疫：NODマウスの1型糖尿病の進展におけるインスリンエピトープの主要な役割
Prime role for an insulin epitope in the development of type 1 diabetes in NOD mice p220
Maki Nakayama, Norio Abiru, Hiroaki Moriyama, Naru Babaya, Edwin Liu, Dongmei Miao, Liping Yu, Dale R. Wegmann, John C. Hutton, John F. Elliott & George S. Eisenbarth
doi:10.1038/nature03523
日本語要約 | Full Text | PDF (330K)
免疫：1型糖尿病患者の膵臓リンパ球から増殖させたT細胞はインスリンエピトープを認識する
Expanded T cells from pancreatic lymph nodes of type 1 diabetic subjects recognize an insulin epitope p224
Sally C. Kent, Yahua Chen, Lisa Bregoli, Sue M. Clemmings, Norma Sue Kenyon, Camillo Ricordi, Bernhard J. Hering & David A. Hafler
doi:10.1038/nature03625
細胞：確率的遷移の減少による細胞記憶の増強
Enhancement of cellular memory by reducing stochastic transitions p228
Murat Acar, Attila Becskei & Alexander van Oudenaarden
doi:10.1038/nature03524
Corrigendum: Iron and phosphorus co-limit nitrogen fixation in the eastern tropical North Atlantic p232
Matthew M. Mills, Celine Ridame, Margaret Davey, Julie La Roche & Richard J. Geider
doi:10.1038/nature03632
Top of page
Technology Features
Hot from the vent p235
doi:10.1038/435235b
PCR: Replicating success p235
PCR often gets taken for granted, but there are ways of making it faster, more accurate and easier to perform. Pete Moore investigates.
Pete Moore
doi:10.1038/435235a
Amplifying the signal p236
doi:10.1038/435236a
Photocopiers for DNA p237
doi:10.1038/435237a
Simplifying the probe set p238
doi:10.1038/435238a
Table of suppliers p239
doi:10.1038/435239a
Top of page
Postdocs
Career View
Naturejobs
ProspectsGenerous advice p241
Postdocs
The staff dreams are made of p242
Being the boss is new territory for young investigators. Kendall Powell screens strategies for managing a successful group.
Kendall Powell
doi:10.1038/nj7039-242a
Career View
