Table of contents
Volume 434 Number 7031 pp257-420
Editorials
Politics versus reality p257
Japan's politicians have to face scientific uncertainty, no matter how uncomfortable it may be. They should mobilize diplomatic means, and not sacrifice scientific integrity, in their fight with North Korea.
doi:10.1038/434257a
Nature respects preprint servers p257
... despite false rumours to the contrary.
doi:10.1038/434257b
News
Indian regulations fail to monitor growing stem-cell use in clinics p259
India's science and health ministries are to cooperate on guidelines.
K. S. Jayaraman
doi:10.1038/434259a
Rugby team converts to give gene tests a try p260
Australian club wins advantage through genetically tailored training.
Carina Dennis
doi:10.1038/434260a
Japan plans blood-donor restrictions to combat vCJD p260
First death prompts proposal that may create blood shortage.
Ichiko Fuyuno
doi:10.1038/434260b
Bush settles on technical innovator to head up NASA p261
Pioneer of small, smart missions picked to run US space agency.
Tony Reichhardt
doi:10.1038/434261a
Global bomb-test monitor could give tsunami warnings p261
Critics fear use of politically sensitive data.
Declan Butler
doi:10.1038/434261b
Fallout of fertilizers set too low, studies warn p262
Greenhouse-gas levels may be seriously underestimated.
Jim Giles
doi:10.1038/434262a
Gene tests served up to tell fine foods from fakes p262
Japan plans to ensure local delicacies are the real thing.
Rachael Williams
doi:10.1038/434262b
Plans for research watchdog praised, but it may lack teeth p263
Panel to oversee British biomedical science sparks controversy.
Jim Giles
doi:10.1038/434263a
Row flares over attempt to dilute radioactive waste p263
Proposal for burying cold-war nuclear waste in concrete faces scrutiny.
Emma Marris
doi:10.1038/434263b
News Features
Genetics: The X factor p266
The sequence of the 'feminine' X chromosome is a prime hunting ground for geneticists interested in the evolution of the cognitive and cultural sophistication that defines the human species. Erika Check reports.
doi:10.1038/434266a
See also: Editor's summary
Primate research: Die hard p268
Grenada's monkeys have thrived despite a huge degree of inbreeding. But now they face a new genetic bottleneck in the wake of Hurricane Ivan. Sharon Levy investigates.
doi:10.1038/434268a
Correspondence
NIH must tell whole truth about conflicts of interest p271
Little has yet been disclosed about a consulting spree that has left a legacy of harm.
Ned Feder
doi:10.1038/434271a
Limits to growth may be subtle but still inexorable p271
David Fisk
doi:10.1038/434271b
More power needed to probe cloud systems p271
T. N. Palmer
doi:10.1038/434271c
Books and Arts
Just for fun? p273
Working out why animals play is no easy task.
Bernd Heinrich reviews The Genesis of Animal Play: Testing the Limits by Gordon M. Burkhardt
doi:10.1038/434273a
To infinity and beyond! p274
David Lindley reviews Parallel Worlds: The Science of Alternative Universes and Our Future in the Cosmos by Michio Kaku
doi:10.1038/434274a
A chemical conspiracy? p275
James Clark reviews The Fluoride Deception by Christopher Bryson
doi:10.1038/434275a
New in paperback p275
doi:10.1038/434275b
Physics Detective
Schrödinger's mousetrap p277
Part 9: Out in the cold.
Peter Tuthill
doi:10.1038/434277a
News and Views
Genome biology: She moves in mysterious ways p279
The human X chromosome is a study in contradictions. The detailed sequence of the X, and a survey of inactivated genes in females, help to illuminate this unique 'evolutionary space'.
Chris Gunter
doi:10.1038/434279a
See also: Editor's summary
Planetary science: Picturing a recently active Mars p280
Discoveries made with the High Resolution Stereo Camera on the Mars Express orbiter show that, as recently as a few million years ago, the surface of Mars was being shaped by flowing water, lava and ice.
Victor R. Baker
doi:10.1038/434280a
See also: Editor's summary
Evolution: Deep-sea spiral fantasies p283
Pictures of strange, gelatinous deep-sea worms have intrigued zoologists, as they hinted at the solution to an evolutionary puzzle. But does the first specimen to be obtained in good condition back the theories up?
John Gage
doi:10.1038/434283a
See also: Editor's summary
100 and 50 years ago p284
doi:10.1038/434284a
Applied physics: Electrons held in a queue p285
When electric currents are made sufficiently small, the electrons can be seen moving one by one. This is accomplished in a microelectronic circuit, providing a means of obtaining an accurate standard for current.
Dmitri V. Averin
doi:10.1038/434285a
See also: Editor's summary
Cancer biology: Sense out of missense p287
The p53 protein is notorious for its involvement in many cancers. Studies in mice are helping to clarify how mutations in the human p53 protein produce a wide variety of tumours.
Terry Van Dyke
doi:10.1038/434287a
Human genomics: Disclosure of variation p288
Now that the sequence of the human genome is almost complete, the human genomics community is turning its attention towards what, genetically speaking, makes people different.
Rasmus Nielsen
doi:10.1038/434288a
Language: Syntax for free? p289
Human language is based on syntax, a complex set of rules about how words can be combined. In theory, the emergence of syntactic communication might have been a comparatively straightforward process.
Ricard Solé
doi:10.1038/434289a
Brief Communications
Indonesian earthquake: Earthquake risk from co-seismic stress p291
Last year's Indonesian earthquake has increased seismic hazard in the region.
John McCloskey, Suleyman S. Nalbant and Sandy Steacy
doi:10.1038/434291a
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (168K)
See also: Editor's summary
Biomechanics: Independent evolution of running in vampire bats p292
Daniel K. Riskin and John W. Hermanson
doi:10.1038/434292a
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (112K) | Supplementary information
Artists on science: scientists on art
Editorial p293
Alison Abbott and Adam Rutherford
doi:10.1038/434293a
Fiction informed by science p294
A. S. Byatt's encounters with science shape the story and characters in her four-part series of novels.
doi:10.1038/434294a
Science in literature p297
Simon Mawer crosses the divide to explore how scientists and novelists alike grapple with an uncertain world.
doi:10.1038/434297a
A tale of two loves p299
The arts and sciences provide complementary ways of looking at the world, argues Alan Lightman.
doi:10.1038/434299a
The artist as neuroscientist p301
Artistic licence taps into the simplified physics used by our brain to recognize everyday scenes, says Patrick Cavanagh.
Patrick Cavanagh
doi:10.1038/434301a
From science in art to the art of science p308
Shared intuitions about the natural world drive the pursuits of artists and scientists, says Martin Kemp.
Martin Kemp
doi:10.1038/434308a
Experimental physics, experimental art p310
What happens when artists and particle physicists are brought together to exchange ideas? Ken McMullen describes the creative fallout.
Ken McMullen
doi:10.1038/434310a
Music, the food of neuroscience? p312
Playing, listening to and creating music involves practically every cognitive function. Robert Zatorre explains how music can teach us about speech, brain plasticity and even the origins of emotion.
Robert Zatorre
doi:10.1038/434312a
The evolution of sensibility p316
Understanding the science behind aesthetic perception could guide and restrain the 'shock of the new' approach to music. Composer Roger Reynolds explains how.
Composer Roger Reynolds
doi:10.1038/434316a
Poetry and science: greatness in little p320
Peter Forbes explores how poetry and science can mutually inspire.
Peter Forbes
doi:10.1038/434320a
Articles
The DNA sequence of the human X chromosome p325
Mark T. Ross, Darren V. Grafham, Alison J. Coffey, Steven Scherer, Kirsten McLay, Donna Muzny, Matthias Platzer, Gareth R. Howell, Christine Burrows, Christine P. Bird, Adam Frankish, Frances L. Lovell, Kevin L. Howe, Jennifer L. Ashurst, Robert S. Fulton, Ralf Sudbrak, Gaiping Wen, Matthew C. Jones, Matthew E. Hurles, T. Daniel Andrews, Carol E. Scott, Stephen Searle, Juliane Ramser, Adam Whittaker, Rebecca Deadman, Nigel P. Carter, Sarah E. Hunt, Rui Chen, Andrew Cree, Preethi Gunaratne, Paul Havlak, Anne Hodgson, Michael L. Metzker, Stephen Richards, Graham Scott, David Steffen, Erica Sodergren, David A. Wheeler, Kim C. Worley, Rachael Ainscough, Kerrie D. Ambrose, M. Ali Ansari-Lari, Swaroop Aradhya, Robert I. S. Ashwell, Anne K. Babbage, Claire L. Bagguley, Andrea Ballabio, Ruby Banerjee, Gary E. Barker, Karen F. Barlow, Ian P. Barrett, Karen N. Bates, David M. Beare, Helen Beasley, Oliver Beasley, Alfred Beck, Graeme Bethel, Karin Blechschmidt, Nicola Brady, Sarah Bray-Allen, Anne M. Bridgeman, Andrew J. Brown, Mary J. Brown, David Bonnin, Elspeth A. Bruford, Christian Buhay, Paula Burch, Deborah Burford, Joanne Burgess, Wayne Burrill, John Burton, Jackie M. Bye, Carol Carder, Laura Carrel, Joseph Chako, Joanne C. Chapman, Dean Chavez, Ellson Chen, Guan Chen, Yuan Chen, Zhijian Chen, Craig Chinault, Alfredo Ciccodicola, Sue Y. Clark, Graham Clarke, Chris M. Clee, Sheila Clegg, Kerstin Clerc-Blankenburg, Karen Clifford, Vicky Cobley, Charlotte G. Cole, Jen S. Conquer, Nicole Corby, Richard E. Connor, Robert David, Joy Davies, Clay Davis, John Davis, Oliver Delgado, Denise DeShazo, Pawandeep Dhami, Yan Ding, Huyen Dinh, Steve Dodsworth, Heather Draper, Shannon Dugan-Rocha, Andrew Dunham, Matthew Dunn, K. James Durbin, Ireena Dutta, Tamsin Eades, Matthew Ellwood, Alexandra Emery-Cohen, Helen Errington, Kathryn L. Evans, Louisa Faulkner, Fiona Francis, John Frankland, Audrey E. Fraser, Petra Galgoczy, James Gilbert, Rachel Gill, Gernot Glöckner, Simon G. Gregory, Susan Gribble, Coline Griffiths, Russell Grocock, Yanghong Gu, Rhian Gwilliam, Cerissa Hamilton, Elizabeth A. Hart, Alicia Hawes, Paul D. Heath, Katja Heitmann, Steffen Hennig, Judith Hernandez, Bernd Hinzmann, Sarah Ho, Michael Hoffs, Phillip J. Howden, Elizabeth J. Huckle, Jennifer Hume, Paul J. Hunt, Adrienne R. Hunt, Judith Isherwood, Leni Jacob, David Johnson, Sally Jones, Pieter J. de Jong, Shirin S. Joseph, Stephen Keenan, Susan Kelly, Joanne K. Kershaw, Ziad Khan, Petra Kioschis, Sven Klages, Andrew J. Knights, Anna Kosiura, Christie Kovar-Smith, Gavin K. Laird, Cordelia Langford, Stephanie Lawlor, Margaret Leversha, Lora Lewis, Wen Liu, Christine Lloyd, David M. Lloyd, Hermela Loulseged, Jane E. Loveland, Jamieson D. Lovell, Ryan Lozado, Jing Lu, Rachael Lyne, Jie Ma, Manjula Maheshwari, Lucy H. Matthews, Jennifer McDowall, Stuart McLaren, Amanda McMurray, Patrick Meidl, Thomas Meitinger, Sarah Milne, George Miner, Shailesh L. Mistry, Margaret Morgan, Sidney Morris, Ines Müller, James C. Mullikin, Ngoc Nguyen, Gabriele Nordsiek, Gerald Nyakatura, Christopher N. O'Dell, Geoffery Okwuonu, Sophie Palmer, Richard Pandian, David Parker, Julia Parrish, Shiran Pasternak, Dina Patel, Alex V. Pearce, Danita M. Pearson, Sarah E. Pelan, Lesette Perez, Keith M. Porter, Yvonne Ramsey, Kathrin Reichwald, Susan Rhodes, Kerry A. Ridler, David Schlessinger, Mary G. Schueler, Harminder K. Sehra, Charles Shaw-Smith, Hua Shen, Elizabeth M. Sheridan, Ratna Shownkeen, Carl D. Skuce, Michelle L. Smith, Elizabeth C. Sotheran, Helen E. Steingruber, Charles A. Steward, Roy Storey, R. Mark Swann, David Swarbreck, Paul E. Tabor, Stefan Taudien, Tineace Taylor, Brian Teague, Karen Thomas, Andrea Thorpe, Kirsten Timms, Alan Tracey, Steve Trevanion, Anthony C. Tromans, Michele d'Urso, Daniel Verduzco, Donna Villasana, Lenee Waldron, Melanie Wall, Qiaoyan Wang, James Warren, Georgina L. Warry, Xuehong Wei, Anthony West, Siobhan L. Whitehead, Mathew N. Whiteley, Jane E. Wilkinson, David L. Willey, Gabrielle Williams, Leanne Williams, Angela Williamson, Helen Williamson, Laurens Wilming, Rebecca L. Woodmansey, Paul W. Wray, Jennifer Yen, Jingkun Zhang, Jianling Zhou, Huda Zoghbi, Sara Zorilla, David Buck, Richard Reinhardt, Annemarie Poustka, André Rosenthal, Hans Lehrach, Alfons Meindl, Patrick J. Minx, LaDeana W. Hillier, Huntington F. Willard, Richard K. Wilson, Robert H. Waterston, Catherine M. Rice, Mark Vaudin, Alan Coulson, David L. Nelson, George Weinstock, John E. Sulston, Richard Durbin, Tim Hubbard, Richard A. Gibbs, Stephan Beck, Jane Rogers and David R. Bentley
doi:10.1038/nature03440
Abstract | Full Text | PDF (515K) | Supplementary information
See also: Editor's summary | News and Views by Gunter
Systematic discovery of regulatory motifs in human promoters and 3' UTRs by comparison of several mammals p338
Xiaohui Xie, Jun Lu, E. J. Kulbokas, Todd R. Golub, Vamsi Mootha, Kerstin Lindblad-Toh, Eric S. Lander and Manolis Kellis
doi:10.1038/nature03441
Abstract | Full Text | PDF (1,010K) | Supplementary information
Tropical to mid-latitude snow and ice accumulation, flow and glaciation on Mars p346
J. W. Head, G. Neukum, R. Jaumann, H. Hiesinger, E. Hauber, M. Carr, P. Masson, B. Foing, H. Hoffmann, M. Kreslavsky, S. Werner, S. Milkovich, S. van Gasselt and The HRSC Co-Investigator Team
doi:10.1038/nature03359
Abstract | Full Text | PDF (329K)
See also: Editor's summary | News and Views by Baker
Letters to Nature
Evidence from the Mars Express High Resolution Stereo Camera for a frozen sea close to Mars' equator p352
John B. Murray, Jan-Peter Muller, Gerhard Neukum, Stephanie C. Werner, Stephan van Gasselt, Ernst Hauber, Wojciech J. Markiewicz, James W. Head, III, Bernard H. Foing, David Page, Karl L. Mitchell, Ganna Portyankina and The HRSC Co-Investigator Team
doi:10.1038/nature03379
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (360K)
See also: Editor's summary | News and Views by Baker
Discovery of a flank caldera and very young glacial activity at Hecates Tholus, Mars p356
Ernst Hauber, Stephan van Gasselt, Boris Ivanov, Stephanie Werner, James W. Head, Gerhard Neukum, Ralf Jaumann, Ronald Greeley, Karl L. Mitchell, Peter Muller and The HRSC Co-Investigator Team
doi:10.1038/nature03423
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (568K)
See also: Editor's summary | News and Views by Baker
Current measurement by real-time counting of single electrons p361
Jonas Bylander, Tim Duty and Per Delsing
doi:10.1038/nature03375
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (315K)
See also: Editor's summary | News and Views by Averin
Relaxor ferroelectricity and colossal magnetocapacitive coupling in ferromagnetic CdCr2S4 p364
J. Hemberger, P. Lunkenheimer, R. Fichtl, H.-A. Krug von Nidda, V. Tsurkan and A. Loidl
doi:10.1038/nature03348
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (336K)
See also: Editor's summary
Two-electron dissociation of single molecules by atomic manipulation at room temperature p367
P. A. Sloan and R. E. Palmer
doi:10.1038/nature03385
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (293K)
Subducted banded iron formations as a source of ultralow-velocity zones at the core–mantle boundary p371
David P. Dobson and John P. Brodholt
doi:10.1038/nature03430
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (250K) | Supplementary information
'Lophenteropneust' hypothesis refuted by collection and photos of new deep-sea hemichordates p374
Nicholas D. Holland, David A. Clague, Dennis P. Gordon, Andrey Gebruk, David L. Pawson and Michael Vecchione
doi:10.1038/nature03382
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (266K)
See also: Editor's summary | News and Views by Gage
Ancient co-speciation of simian foamy viruses and primates p376
William M. Switzer, Marco Salemi, Vedapuri Shanmugam, Feng Gao, Mian-er Cong, Carla Kuiken, Vinod Bhullar, Brigitte E. Beer, Dominique Vallet, Annie Gautier-Hion, Zena Tooze, Francois Villinger, Edward C. Holmes and Walid Heneine
doi:10.1038/nature03341
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (553K) | Supplementary information
See also: Editor's summary
Genetic relatedness predicts South African migrant workers' remittances to their families p380
S. Bowles and D. Posel
doi:10.1038/nature03420
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (188K)
See also: Editor's summary
Genetic effects on sperm design in the zebra finch p383
T. R. Birkhead, E. J. Pellatt, P. Brekke, R. Yeates and H. Castillo-Juarez
doi:10.1038/nature03374
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (419K)
See also: Editor's summary
Optimal eye movement strategies in visual search p387
Jiri Najemnik and Wilson S. Geisler
doi:10.1038/nature03390
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (288K) | Supplementary information
See also: Editor's summary
The first cleavage of the mouse zygote predicts the blastocyst axis p391
Berenika Plusa, Anna-Katerina Hadjantonakis, Dionne Gray, Karolina Piotrowska-Nitsche, Agnieszka Jedrusik, Virginia E. Papaioannou, David M. Glover and Magdalena Zernicka-Goetz
doi:10.1038/nature03388
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (463K) | Supplementary information
The MET oncogene drives a genetic programme linking cancer to haemostasis p396
Carla Boccaccio, Gabriella Sabatino, Enzo Medico, Flavia Girolami, Antonia Follenzi, Gigliola Reato, Antonino Sottile, Luigi Naldini and Paolo M. Comoglio
doi:10.1038/nature03357
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (485K) | Supplementary information
See also: Editor's summary
X-inactivation profile reveals extensive variability in X-linked gene expression in females p400
Laura Carrel and Huntington F. Willard
doi:10.1038/nature03479
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (249K) | Supplementary information
See also: Editor's summary | News and Views by Gunter
The vacuolar Ca2+-activated channel TPC1 regulates germination and stomatal movement p404
Edgar Peiter, Frans J. M. Maathuis, Lewis N. Mills, Heather Knight, Jérôme Pelloux, Alistair M. Hetherington and Dale Sanders
doi:10.1038/nature03381
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (958K)
Molecular determinants and guided evolution of species-specific RNA editing p409
Robert A. Reenan
doi:10.1038/nature03364
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (457K) | Supplementary information
Erratum : Pleistocene to Holocene extinction dynamics in giant deer and woolly mammoth p413
A. J. Stuart, P. A. Kosintsev, T. F. G. Higham and A. M. Lister
doi:10.1038/nature03413
Naturejobs
ProspectsPostdocs, mentor thyselves p415
Paul Smaglik
doi:10.1038/nj7031-415a
Postdocs
Make your point p416
Engaging presentations can land jobs and increase visibility. Kendall Powell learns the art of a good talk.
Kendall Powell
doi:10.1038/nj7031-416a
See also: Editor's summary
Career View
Graduate Journal: Writer's block p418
Anne Margaret Lee
doi:10.1038/nj7031-418a
Scientists & Societies p418
Michael Strong
doi:10.1038/nj7031-418b
Movers p418
doi:10.1038/nj7031-418c
Futures
Last man standing p420
Whatever happened to 'boy meets girl'?
Xaviera Young
doi:10.1038/434420a