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Nature 433, 807 (24 February 2005) | doi:10.1038/433807a; Published online 23 February 2005

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Concept Elephant breakdown

G. A. Bradshaw1, Allan N. Schore2, Janine L. Brown3, Joyce H. Poole4 & Cynthia J. Moss4

  1. G. A. Bradshaw is at the Environmental Sciences Graduate Programme and the Department of Forest Science, Oregon State University, Oregon, USA.
  2. Allan N. Schore is in the Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
  3. Janine L. Brown is at the Smithsonian National Zoological Park, Washington DC, USA.
  4. Joyce H. Poole and Cynthia J. Moss are at the Amboseli Elephant Research Project (AERP), Nairobi, Kenya.

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Social trauma: early disruption of attachment can affect the physiology, behaviour and culture of animals and humans over generations.

The air explodes with the sound of high-powered rifles and the startled infant watches his family fall to the ground, the image seared into his memory. He and other orphans are then transported to distant locales to start new lives.

Apache Tomcat/5.0.7 - Error report

HTTP Status 500 -

type Exception report

message

description The server encountered an internal error () that prevented it from fulfilling this request.

exception 

javax.servlet.ServletException: Servlet execution threw an exception

root cause 

java.lang.OutOfMemoryError

note The full stack trace of the root cause is available in the Tomcat logs.

Apache Tomcat/5.0.7