Editorials

Making sense of the world p785

The Earth and our effects on it require monitoring and analysis worthy of their complexity and importance. Now is the time to bring global observation into the twenty-first century.

doi:10.1038/433785a

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Sooner than you think p785

Nature's back-page fiction is good for you.

doi:10.1038/433785b

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News

Tests in Tokyo reveal flaws in Vietnam's bird flu surveillance p787

Cases of avian influenza have been overlooked, new evidence shows.

David Cyranoski

doi:10.1038/433787a

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Flu gene discovery prompts calls for tighter monitoring p788

Lab-made virus from 1940 may have found its way into Korean pigs.

Erika Check

doi:10.1038/433788a

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New York draws fire over case of drug-resistant HIV p788

Rare, aggressive form of AIDS used to publicize dangers of unprotected sex.

Erika Check

doi:10.1038/433788b

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Global observation project gets green light p789

Sixty nations sign up to Earth-watching satellite system.

Declan Butler

doi:10.1038/433789a

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Russian security arrests institute head for spying p789

Scientist accused of selling state secrets to South Korea.

Bryon MacWilliams

doi:10.1038/433789b

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Speech transcript stokes opposition to Harvard head p790

University president Larry Summers under fire for remarks on women in science.

Emily Singer

doi:10.1038/433790a

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Vioxx may go back on sale after scraping past FDA panel p790

US advisers vote not to ban painkillers that boost risk of heart attack.

Meredith Wadman

doi:10.1038/433790b

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Nitrogen study fertilizes fears of pollution p791

UK field project highlights problems of excess nitrogen.

Jim Giles

doi:10.1038/433791a

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news in brief p792

doi:10.1038/433792a

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News Features

Dietary advice:  Flash in the pan? p794

Obesity is the main target in the US government's latest dietary guidelines. But can this advice really make a difference? Nature's reporters sift through the heady mix of politics and science to get a taste of things to come.

doi:10.1038/433794a

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Around the world in three square meals p797

doi:10.1038/433797a

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Food FAQs p798

Eating a healthy diet is hard work. There are hundreds of guides out there — often providing conflicting instructions. Deciding what advice to take means wrestling with a number of tough questions.

doi:10.1038/433798a

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Correspondence

Vital resource should be open to all physicists p800

Putting control in the hands of a few can enforce orthodoxy and stifle innovative ideas.

Brian D. Josephson

doi:10.1038/433800a

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Climate blog could score with newer hockey stick p800

Shaopeng Huang

doi:10.1038/433800b

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Best way to protect rock art is to leave it alone p800

Luc Allemand and Paul G. Bahn

doi:10.1038/433800c

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Online submission makes authors do all the work p800

John P. Moore

doi:10.1038/433800d

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Books and Arts

Scandals and safeguards p801

Is scientific fraud on the increase?

Daniel S. Greenberg reviews The Great Betrayal: Fraud in Science by Horace Freeland Judson

doi:10.1038/433801a

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A scientific feast p802

Hervé This reviews On Food and Cooking: The Science and Lore of the Kitchen, 2nd edition by Harold McGee

doi:10.1038/433802a

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Looking ahead to future brain studies p803

David Papineau reviews The New Brain Sciences: Perils and Prospects

doi:10.1038/433803a

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Exhibition:  Leonardo's legacy p803

doi:10.1038/433803b

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Physics detective

Schrödinger's mousetrap p805

Part 6: A cryptic response.

Ilana Goldhaber-Gordon and David Goldhaber-Gordon

doi:10.1038/433805a

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Essay

Elephant breakdown p807

Social trauma: early disruption of attachment can affect the physiology, behaviour and culture of animals and humans over generations.

G. A. Bradshaw, Allan N. Schore, Janine L. Brown, Joyce H. Poole and Cynthia J. Moss

doi:10.1038/433807a

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News and Views

Climate change:  Snow maker for the ice ages p809

In the Northern Hemisphere, large-scale glaciation was initiated comparatively recently. Paradoxically, it seems that the trigger was a seasonal warming of the sea surface in an upwind oceanic region.

Katharina Billups

doi:10.1038/433809a

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Hearing:  Aid from hair force p810

Mammals hear with exquisite sensitivity and precision over a huge range of frequencies; tiny amplifiers in the inner ear make this possible. New results challenge current thinking on how these amplifiers work.

Corné Kros

doi:10.1038/433810a

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Photonics:  Expect more delays p811

Slow light research has been a fast-moving topic in recent years, with potential applications from quantum computing to telecommunications. Techniques are now emerging that can slow down light in optical fibres.

Joe T. Mok and Benjamin J. Eggleton

doi:10.1038/433811a

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Immunology:  Guide for a cell-fate decision p813

How does an immature cell know how to develop into a specialized one? A fortunate observation has revealed one of the cues that guide precursor immune cells to their ultimate fate.

Ellen A. Robey

doi:10.1038/433813a

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100 and 50 years ago p814

doi:10.1038/433814a

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Planetary science:  Being there p814

The protoplanets that collided to make the Earth may themselves have had atmospheres and oceans. Venus has vastly more argon and neon than Earth: fossil evidence, perhaps, of protoplanetary atmospheres?

Kevin Zahnle

doi:10.1038/433814b

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Human immunodeficiency virus:  Refolding the envelope p815

HIV has evolved to avoid neutralization by human antibodies. New atomic-level details reveal that such evasion involves substantial refolding of its exterior glycoprotein.

Peter D. Kwong

doi:10.1038/433815a

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Obituary:  Eduard Kellenberger (1920–2004) p817

Bruno J. Strasser and Jacques Dubochet

doi:10.1038/433817a

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research highlights p818

doi:10.1038/433818a

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Brief Communications

Materials chemistry:  A synthetic enamel for rapid tooth repair p819

Seamless fixing of an early caries lesion can be achieved without prior excavation.

Kazue Yamagishi, Kazuo Onuma, Takashi Suzuki, Fumio Okada, Junji Tagami, Masayuki Otsuki and Pisol Senawangse

doi:10.1038/433819a

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Ecology:  A niche for cyanobacteria containing chlorophyll d p820

Michael Kühl, Min Chen, Peter J. Ralph, Ulrich Schreiber and Anthony W. D. Larkum

doi:10.1038/433820a

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (241K) | Supplementary information

Articles

North Pacific seasonality and the glaciation of North America 2.7 million years ago p821

Gerald H. Haug, Andrey Ganopolski, Daniel M. Sigman, Antoni Rosell-Mele, George E. A. Swann, Ralf Tiedemann, Samuel L. Jaccard, Jörg Bollmann, Mark A. Maslin, Melanie J. Leng and Geoffrey Eglinton

doi:10.1038/nature03332

Abstract | Full Text | PDF (377K) | Supplementary information

See also: Editor's summary | News and Views by Billups

The zinc finger transcription factor Th-POK regulates CD4 versus CD8 T-cell lineage commitment p826

Xiao He, Xi He, Vibhuti P. Dave, Yi Zhang, Xiang Hua, Emmanuelle Nicolas, Weihong Xu, Bruce A. Roe and Dietmar J. Kappes

doi:10.1038/nature03338

Abstract | Full Text | PDF (498K) | Supplementary information

See also: News and Views by Robey

Structure of an unliganded simian immunodeficiency virus gp120 core p834

Bing Chen, Erik M. Vogan, Haiyun Gong, John J. Skehel, Don C. Wiley and Stephen C. Harrison

doi:10.1038/nature03327

Abstract | Full Text | PDF (589K) | Supplementary information

See also: Editor's summary | News and Views by Kwong

Letters to Nature

Enhanced atmospheric loss on protoplanets at the giant impact phase in the presence of oceans p842

Hidenori Genda and Yutaka Abe

doi:10.1038/nature03360

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (177K) | Supplementary information

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Raman injection laser p845

Mariano Troccoli, Alexey Belyanin, Federico Capasso, Ertugrul Cubukcu, Deborah L. Sivco and Alfred Y. Cho

doi:10.1038/nature03330

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Quantum chemical calculations show that the uranium molecule U₂ has a quintuple bond p848

Laura Gagliardi and Björn O. Roos

doi:10.1038/nature03249

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (175K)

Lithospheric structure of the Rio Grande rift p851

David Wilson, Richard Aster, Michael West, James Ni, Steve Grand, Wei Gao, W. Scott Baldridge, Steve Semken and Paresh Patel

doi:10.1038/nature03297

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (322K)

Counter-rotating microplates at the Galapagos triple junction p855

Emily M. Klein, Deborah K. Smith, Clare M. Williams and Hans Schouten

doi:10.1038/nature03262

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New evidence on deinonychosaurian dinosaurs from the Late Cretaceous of Patagonia p858

Fernando E. Novas and Diego Pol

doi:10.1038/nature03285

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (242K) | Supplementary information

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Prokaryotic cells of the deep sub-seafloor biosphere identified as living bacteria p861

Axel Schippers, Lev N. Neretin, Jens Kallmeyer, Timothy G. Ferdelman, Barry A. Cragg, R. John Parkes and Bo B. Jørgensen

doi:10.1038/nature03302

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The genome of the protist parasite Entamoeba histolytica p865

Brendan Loftus, Iain Anderson, Rob Davies, U. Cecilia M. Alsmark, John Samuelson, Paolo Amedeo, Paola Roncaglia, Matt Berriman, Robert P. Hirt, Barbara J. Mann, Tomo Nozaki, Bernard Suh, Mihai Pop, Michael Duchene, John Ackers, Egbert Tannich, Matthias Leippe, Margit Hofer, Iris Bruchhaus, Ute Willhoeft, Alok Bhattacharya, Tracey Chillingworth, Carol Churcher, Zahra Hance, Barbara Harris, David Harris, Kay Jagels, Sharon Moule, Karen Mungall, Doug Ormond, Rob Squares, Sally Whitehead, Michael A. Quail, Ester Rabbinowitsch, Halina Norbertczak, Claire Price, Zheng Wang, Nancy Guillén, Carol Gilchrist, Suzanne E. Stroup, Sudha Bhattacharya, Anuradha Lohia, Peter G. Foster, Thomas Sicheritz-Ponten, Christian Weber, Upinder Singh, Chandrama Mukherjee, Najib M. El-Sayed, William A. Petri, Jr, C. Graham Clark, T. Martin Embley, Bart Barrell, Claire M. Fraser and Neil Hall

doi:10.1038/nature03291

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Excitatory cortical neurons form fine-scale functional networks p868

Yumiko Yoshimura, Jami L. M. Dantzker and Edward M. Callaway

doi:10.1038/nature03252

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Different time courses of learning-related activity in the prefrontal cortex and striatum p873

Anitha Pasupathy and Earl K. Miller

doi:10.1038/nature03287

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CFTR channel opening by ATP-driven tight dimerization of its nucleotide-binding domains p876

Paola Vergani, Steve W. Lockless, Angus C. Nairn and David C. Gadsby

doi:10.1038/nature03313

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Force generation by mammalian hair bundles supports a role in cochlear amplification p880

H. J. Kennedy, A. C. Crawford and R. Fettiplace

doi:10.1038/nature03367

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Pax3 functions at a nodal point in melanocyte stem cell differentiation p884

Deborah Lang, Min Min Lu, Li Huang, Kurt A. Engleka, Maozhen Zhang, Emily Y. Chu, Shari Lipner, Arthur Skoultchi, Sarah E. Millar and Jonathan A. Epstein

doi:10.1038/nature03292

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (341K) | Supplementary information

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Toll-like receptor 3 promotes cross-priming to virus-infected cells p887

Oliver Schulz, Sandra S. Diebold, Margaret Chen, Tanja I. Näslund, Martijn A. Nolte, Lena Alexopoulou, Yasu-Taka Azuma, Richard A. Flavell, Peter Liljeström and Caetano Reis e Sousa

doi:10.1038/nature03326

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State transitions and light adaptation require chloroplast thylakoid protein kinase STN7 p892

Stéphane Bellafiore, Frédy Barneche, Gilles Peltier and Jean-David Rochaix

doi:10.1038/nature03286

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (251K) | Supplementary information

Functional cartography of complex metabolic networks p895

Roger Guimerà and Luís A. Nunes Amaral

doi:10.1038/nature03288

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (412K) | Supplementary information

Naturejobs

Job movements p901

Paul Smaglik

doi:10.1038/nj7028-901a

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India in demand p902

What's a company to do when it needs faster, cheaper new drugs and chemists are hard to find? Look for a source of bright graduates with low living costs, where legal changes have pushed firms to seek work, and you're there, says Emma Marris.

Emma Marris

doi:10.1038/nj7028-902a

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Graduate Journal:  A story to tell p904

Anne Margaret Lee

doi:10.1038/nj7028-904a

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Scientists & Societies p904

Ralf Jauch

doi:10.1038/nj7028-904b

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Movers p904

doi:10.1038/nj7028-904c

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Futures

The party's over p906

It was only a game....

Penelope Kim Crowther

doi:10.1038/433906a

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