1. Howard Hughes Medical Institute and National Center for Behavioural Genomics, Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454, USA
2. These authors contributed equally to this work

Correspondence to: Michael Rosbash Email: rosbash@brandeis.edu

Abstract

Daily rhythms of physiology and behaviour are precisely timed by an endogenous circadian clock^{1, 2}. These include separate bouts of morning and evening activity, characteristic of Drosophila melanogaster and many other taxa, including mammals^{3, 4, 5}. Whereas multiple oscillators have long been proposed to orchestrate such complex behavioural programmes⁶, their nature and interplay have remained elusive. By using cell-specific ablation, we show that the timing of morning and evening activity in Drosophila derives from two distinct groups of circadian neurons: morning activity from the ventral lateral neurons that express the neuropeptide PDF, and evening activity from another group of cells, including the dorsal lateral neurons. Although the two oscillators can function autonomously, cell-specific rescue experiments with circadian clock mutants indicate that they are functionally coupled.

1. Howard Hughes Medical Institute and National Center for Behavioural Genomics, Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454, USA
2. These authors contributed equally to this work

Correspondence to: Michael Rosbash Email: rosbash@brandeis.edu

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