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Nature 431, 703-707 (7 October 2004) | doi:10.1038/nature02951;

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Enhanced virulence of influenza A viruses with the haemagglutinin of the 1918 pandemic virus

The |[lsquo]|Spanish|[rsquo]| influenza pandemic of 1918–19 was the most devastating outbreak of infectious disease in recorded history. At least 20 million people died from their illness, which was characterized by an unusually severe and rapid clinical course.

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