The Russian Academy of Sciences is failing to provide either the quality of research or the scientific advice that reformers had been hoping for.
doi:10.1038/431001a
Table of contents
Volume 431 Number 7004 pp1-109
(this content only available online) indicates content that is available online only
Top of page
Editorials
Not just academic p1
Distributing the costs of climate change p1
Policy-makers must face up to the fact that global warming is creating winners and losers.
doi:10.1038/431001b
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News
Ethics review slams government panels over conflicts of interest p3
Critics decry job-title loophole in committee rules
Emma Marris
doi:10.1038/431003a
Disaster movie highlights transatlantic divide p4
Cinematic climate future leaves Germans nonplussed and Americans worried
Quirin Schiermeier
doi:10.1038/431004a
Organizers claim success for Stockholm science jamboree p5
Wildlife campaigners fight planned site for Scripps Florida p5
Thailand faces dilemma over bird flu vaccine p6
Lab chiefs fear European rules will cost postdoc jobs p6
Scientists' unions want long-term contracts
David Osumi-Sutherland
doi:10.1038/431006b
Microchip industry proposes broad survey of worker health p7
Five-year grant gets bird database off to a flying start p7
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News Features
Climate change: Crunch time for Kyoto p12
Only Russia can rescue the global agreement on climate change. So why aren't Russian climate scientists speaking up? Quirin Schiermeier and Bryon MacWilliams report from Moscow.
Quirin Schiermeier and Bryon MacWilliams
doi:10.1038/431012a
Physics and music: Brothers in art p14
Piers Coleman is a theoretical physicist, his brother Jaz a musician with an unusual pedigree. Together, they want to break down boundaries between science and the arts. Sarah Tomlin attends their latest concert.
Sarah Tomlin
doi:10.1038/431014a
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Correspondence
Biosecurity must be internationally supervised p17
US restrictions on cooperation are hampering legitimate microbiological research.
Jan van Aken, Stefan Johannsen and Regine Kollek
doi:10.1038/431017a
Linnean Society backs Godfray on use of web p17
Need for economists to set global priorities p17
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Commentary
Politics, morals and embryos p19
Can bioethics in the United States rise above politics?
George J. Annas and Sherman Elias
doi:10.1038/431019a
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Books and Arts
When giants walked the Earth p21
Well bred rodents p22
Into the woods p23
doi:10.1038/431023a
New in paperback p23
doi:10.1038/431023b
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Essay
Turning pointsMidsummer madness p25
How an unexpected allegory led to the birth of a new subject.
Gautam R. Desiraju
doi:10.1038/431025a
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News and Views
宇宙生物学：瓶に入った手紙
Astrobiology: Message in a bottle p27
Extraterrestrial civilizations may find it more efficient to communicate by sending material objects across interstellar distances rather than beams of electromagnetic radiation.
Woodruff T. Sullivan, III
doi:10.1038/431027a
日本語要約 | Full Text | PDF (163K)
進化生物学：時間、空間そしてゲノム
Evolutionary biology: Time, space and genomes p28
In most animals, the Hox genes — which control development — are clustered together. But why? New evidence supports the idea that the requirement for a temporal order of expression keeps the cluster intact.
Nipam H. Patel
doi:10.1038/431028a
日本語要約 | Full Text | PDF (113K)
統計物理学：雑音に耳傾けよ
Statistical physics: Hear the noise p29
At the nanoscale, thermal fluctuations and noise dominate. But instead of being a hindrance, the details of the noise itself can reveal the physical properties of the system.
Simon Kos and Peter Littlewood
doi:10.1038/431029a
細胞生物学：調節されている自食過程
Cell biology: Regulated self-cannibalism p31
Cells consume parts of themselves to survive starvation and during development. But how do they control this process of self-eating so that it begins at the right time and does not end up killing the cell?
Daniel J. Klionsky
doi:10.1038/431031a
理論生物学：サイバースペースの茸
Theoretical biology: Mushrooms in cyberspace p32
惑星形成：核の問題
Planet formation: The core problem p32
Controversy over shock-wave experiments on the compression of hydrogen has broad implications — for understanding the cores of Jupiter and Saturn, and even the formation of extrasolar planets.
William B. Hubbard
doi:10.1038/431032b
日本語要約 | Full Text | PDF (258K)
癌：細胞用の生存ガイド
Cancer: Cell survival guide p35
A jaded observer might consider the cancer research field near maturity and surprising new results improbable. But work on the protein netrin-1 shows that unforeseen insights into cancer can still occur.
Eric R. Fearon and Kathleen R. Cho
doi:10.1038/431035a
日本語要約 | Full Text | PDF (220K)
天文学：静かな星
Astronomy: The quiet one p35
100 and 50 years ago p36
doi:10.1038/431036a
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Top of page
Brief Communications
Animal behaviour: Use of dung as a tool by burrowing owls p39
This bird distributes animal dung in and around its burrow to provide a bait for its prey.
Douglas J. Levey, R. Scot Duncan and Carrie F. Levins
doi:10.1038/431039a
Botany: A new self-pollination mechanism p39
Yingqiang Wang, Dianxiang Zhang, Susanne S. Renner and Zhongyi Chen
doi:10.1038/431039b
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Brief Communications Arising
Superconductors: Time-reversal symmetry breaking?
Sergey V. Borisenko, Alexander A. Kordyuk, Andreas Koitzsch, Martin Knupfer, Jörg Fink, Helmuth Berger and Chengtian T. Lin
doi:10.1038/nature02931
Superconductors: Time-reversal symmetry breaking? (reply)
Juan C. Campuzano, Adam Kaminski, Stephan Rosenkranz and Helen M. Fretwell
doi:10.1038/nature02932
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Article
地球：カリフォルニア州シエラネバダ南部の地下における弧状の大陸根の活動的沈降
Active foundering of a continental arc root beneath the southern Sierra Nevada in California p41
George Zandt, Hersh Gilbert, Thomas J. Owens, Mihai Ducea, Jason Saleeby and Craig H. Jones
doi:10.1038/nature02847
Top of page
Letters to Nature
物理：地球外文明との交信を行うエネルギー効率の良い手段となる言葉が刻まれた物体
Inscribed matter as an energy-efficient means of communication with an extraterrestrial civilization p47
Christopher Rose and Gregory Wright
doi:10.1038/nature02884
物理：スピンダイナミクスと磁気共鳴のプローブとしての自発的なスピン雑音の分光
Spectroscopy of spontaneous spin noise as a probe of spin dynamics and magnetic resonance p49
S. A. Crooker, D. G. Rickel, A. V. Balatsky and D. L. Smith
doi:10.1038/nature02804
物性：エピタキシャルな(Ga,Mn)Asマイクロデバイスにおける個々のドメイン壁が示す負の真性抵抗率
Negative intrinsic resistivity of an individual domain wall in epitaxial (Ga,Mn)As microdevices p52
H. X. Tang, S. Masmanidis, R. K. Kawakami, D. D. Awschalom and M. L. Roukes
doi:10.1038/nature02809
日本語要約 | Full Text | PDF (507K)
海洋：完新世の熱帯太平洋西部における海面温度と塩分濃度の減少
Decline of surface temperature and salinity in the western tropical Pacific Ocean in the Holocene epoch p56
Lowell Stott, Kevin Cannariato, Robert Thunell, Gerald H. Haug, Athanasios Koutavas and Steve Lund
doi:10.1038/nature02903
地球：インド洋中央海嶺玄武岩のデュパル異常の性質に対するオスミウム同位体からの制約
Osmium isotopic constraints on the nature of the DUPAL anomaly from Indian mid-ocean-ridge basalts p59
S. Escrig, F. Capmas, B. Dupré and C. J. Allègre
doi:10.1038/nature02904
進化：多数種からなる群集におけるミュラー型擬態の進化
The evolution of müllerian mimicry in multispecies communities p63
Christopher D. Beatty, Kirsten Beirinckx and Thomas N. Sherratt
doi:10.1038/nature02818
発生：ワカレオタマボヤにおける前後軸に沿った発現パターンを維持したHoxクラスターの分散
Hox cluster disintegration with persistent anteroposterior order of expression in Oikopleura dioica p67
Hee-Chan Seo, Rolf Brudvik Edvardsen, Anne Dorthea Maeland, Marianne Bjordal, Marit Flo Jensen, Anette Hansen, Mette Flaat, Jean Weissenbach, Hans Lehrach, Patrick Wincker, Richard Reinhardt and Daniel Chourrout
doi:10.1038/nature02709
神経：識字障害の生物学的異常には文化による制約がある
Biological abnormality of impaired reading is constrained by culture p71
Wai Ting Siok, Charles A. Perfetti, Zhen Jin and Li Hai Tan
doi:10.1038/nature02865
日本語要約 | Full Text | PDF (486K)
発生：Patchedタンパク質の結合型・非結合型の比の計測によるHedgehogモルフォゲン勾配の読み取り
Reading the Hedgehog morphogen gradient by measuring the ratio of bound to unbound Patched protein p76
細胞：ネトリン-1はアポトーシスを調節することによって結腸直腸癌の発生を制御する
Netrin-1 controls colorectal tumorigenesis by regulating apoptosis p80
Laetitia Mazelin, Agnès Bernet, Christelle Bonod-Bidaud, Laurent Pays, Ségolène Arnaud, Christian Gespach, Dale E Bredesen, Jean-Yves Scoazec and Patrick Mehlen
doi:10.1038/nature02788
医学：自然免疫応答を抑制する強毒性結核菌株の糖脂質
A glycolipid of hypervirulent tuberculosis strains that inhibits the innate immune response p84
Michael B. Reed, Pilar Domenech, Claudia Manca, Hua Su, Amy K. Barczak, Barry N. Kreiswirth, Gilla Kaplan and Clifton E. Barry, III
doi:10.1038/nature02837
日本語要約 | Full Text | PDF (264K)
微生物学：アグロバクテリウムによる植物の遺伝的形質転換におけるタンパク質標的分解の関与
Involvement of targeted proteolysis in plant genetic transformation by Agrobacterium p87
Tzvi Tzfira, Manjusha Vaidya and Vitaly Citovsky
doi:10.1038/nature02857
日本語要約 | Full Text | PDF (343K)
細胞：線虫の胚では中心体が微小管の集合とは無関係に細胞の極性を決めている
Centrosomes direct cell polarity independently of microtubule assembly in C. elegans embryos p92
Carrie R. Cowan and Anthony A. Hyman
doi:10.1038/nature02825
細胞：Dnmt3Lが欠失した雄の生殖細胞で生じる減数分裂の深刻な異常とレトロトランスポゾンの再活性化
Meiotic catastrophe and retrotransposon reactivation in male germ cells lacking Dnmt3L p96
遺伝：真核生物ゲノムの転写調節コード
Transcriptional regulatory code of a eukaryotic genome p99
Christopher T. Harbison, D. Benjamin Gordon, Tong Ihn Lee, Nicola J. Rinaldi, Kenzie D. Macisaac, Timothy W. Danford, Nancy M. Hannett, Jean-Bosco Tagne, David B. Reynolds, Jane Yoo, Ezra G. Jennings, Julia Zeitlinger, Dmitry K. Pokholok, Manolis Kellis, P. Alex Rolfe, Ken T. Takusagawa, Eric S. Lander, David K. Gifford, Ernest Fraenkel and Richard A. Young
doi:10.1038/nature02800
生化学：先体の束の構造
Structure of the acrosomal bundle p104
Michael F. Schmid, Michael B. Sherman, Paul Matsudaira and Wah Chiu
doi:10.1038/nature02881
Addendum: Pathways towards and away from Alzheimer's disease p107
corrigendum: Sirtuin activators mimic caloric restriction and delay ageing in metazoans p107
Jason G. Wood, Blanka Rogina, Siva Lavu, Konrad Howitz, Stephen L. Helfand, Marc Tatar and David Sinclair
doi:10.1038/nature02941
