1. Ernest Gallo Clinic and Research Center, Programs in Neuroscience and Biomedical Sciences, Department of Neurology, University of California at San Francisco, 5858 Horton Street, Suite 200, Emeryville, California 94608, USA
2. Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA

Correspondence to: Steven L. McIntire¹ Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to S.L.M. (Email: slm@itsa.ucsf.edu).

Abstract

Muscular dystrophies are among the most common human genetic diseases and are characterized by progressive muscle degeneration. Muscular dystrophies result from genetic defects in components of the dystrophin–glycoprotein complex (DGC), a multimeric complex found in the muscle cell plasma membrane¹. The DGC links the intracellular cytoskeleton to the extracellular matrix and is thought to be important for maintaining the mechanical integrity of muscles² and organizing signalling molecules³. The exact role of the DGC in the pathogenesis of disease has, however, remained uncertain⁴. Mutations in Caenorhabditis elegans DGC genes lead to specific defects in coordinated movement and can also cause muscle degeneration^{5, 6, 7}. Here we show that mutations in the gene snf-6 result in phenotypes indistinguishable from those of the DGC mutants, and that snf-6 encodes a novel acetylcholine/choline transporter. SNF-6 mediates the uptake of acetylcholine at neuromuscular junctions during periods of increased synaptic activity. SNF-6 also interacts with the DGC, and mutations in DGC genes cause a loss of SNF-6 at neuromuscular junctions. Improper clearing of acetylcholine and prolonged excitation of muscles might contribute to the pathogenesis of muscular dystrophies.

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