Adding atoms to a semiconductor can improve its electronic properties. In an oxide, taking atoms away can have a similar electronic effect — one that could, it seems, be exploited in device applications.
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Mannhart, J., Schlom, D. The value of seeing nothing. Nature 430, 620–621 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1038/430620a
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/430620a
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