Table of contents
Volume 429 Number 6990 pp327-486
Editorials
The rise of café culture p327
A night out in a bar is all the more enjoyable if you can digest some science too. That's the lesson of a growing movement whose character may be local but whose reach is potentially global — and at a small cost.
doi:10.1038/429327a
Dragged into the fray p327
Willingly or not, Russia's science academy has become part of the political economy of climate.
doi:10.1038/429327b
News
Clinicians win fight to overturn patent for breast-cancer gene p329
Alison Abbott
doi:10.1038/429329a
Project structure blamed for Beagle 2 loss p330
Laura Nelson
doi:10.1038/429330a
Monsanto wins seven-year court battle for seed patent p330
David Spurgeon
doi:10.1038/429330b
Tissue survey raises spectre of 'second wave' of vCJD p331
Jim Giles
doi:10.1038/429331a
Biodefence project accused of violating weapons treaty p331
Erika Check
doi:10.1038/429331b
Microbiology gaining ground after lean years p332
Jonathan Knight
doi:10.1038/429332a
Japan announces follow-up to human genome project p332
David Cyranoski
doi:10.1038/429332b
Pop science pulls in public as café culture goes global p333
Jim Giles
doi:10.1038/429333a
Britain opens first repository to speed work on stem cells p333
Laura Nelson
doi:10.1038/429333b
News Features
Striking back p338
Stroke has disabled millions of people, stealing their ability to walk or communicate. Can future victims be helped by treatments that stimulate the growth of new brain cells? Alison Abbott investigates.
doi:10.1038/429338a
NASA meets Hollywood: Catch a falling star p340
When NASA needed someone to grab a spacecraft on its re-entry to Earth, it turned to Hollywood for help. Nicola Jones meets the stunt pilots preparing to snag the $260-million experiment before it hits the desert floor.
doi:10.1038/429340a
Correspondence
Call for action to protect free exchange of ideas p343
A US law that limits trade to embargoed countries is now affecting scientists' activities.
Kenneth R. Foster
doi:10.1038/429343a
Efforts to help Africa are tripped up by red tape p343
Peter N. Campbell
doi:10.1038/429343b
Books and Arts
Nature's biological weapon p345
The 1918 flu pandemic killed 50 million people — and it could happen again.
John Oxford reviews The Great Influenza: The Epic Story of the 1918 Pandemic by John M. Barry
doi:10.1038/429345a
Taking stock of conservation p346
E. J. Milner-Gulland reviews Against Extinction: The Story of Conservation by William M. Adams
doi:10.1038/429346a
Film: Making heavy weather p347
Myles Allen reviews The Day After Tomorrow Directed by Roland Emmerich
doi:10.1038/429347a
The second creation p348
Graham Farmelo reviews Human-built World: How to Think about Technology and Culture by Thomas P. Hughes
doi:10.1038/429348a
Exhibition: Scientific expressionism p348
Alison Abbott
doi:10.1038/429348b
Essay
Turning pointsA late change to the programme p349
How an engineer became hooked on atmospheric chemistry.
Paul J. Crutzen
doi:10.1038/429349a
News and Views
Automata make antisense p351
Information-carrying DNA strands can be used to perform simple computations, but have so far been little more than toys. Can molecular computers be more broadly useful — in medicine, for instance?
Anne Condon
doi:10.1038/429351a
100 and 50 years ago p352
doi:10.1038/429352a
Granular materials: The brazil nut effect — in reverse p352
In a box of mixed nuts, the brazils rise to the top. In granular mixtures in general, depending on their size and density, the 'brazil nuts' may sink instead. This reverse effect has now been explored further.
Troy Shinbrot
doi:10.1038/429352b
Genome sequencing: Differences with the relatives p353
One of the chimpanzee's chromosomes has been sequenced to near-completion. What can this accomplishment tell us about how we have come to look and act so differently from our chimp relatives?
Jean Weissenbach
doi:10.1038/429353a
Earth science: Just add more water p356
Data from a different technique for probing events within the Earth, interpreted in terms of a new hypothesis about the effects of water at depth, raise tantalizing questions about recycling of a tectonic plate.
Rob Evans
doi:10.1038/429356a
Organic chemistry: OOO! p356
Alison Wright
doi:10.1038/429356b
Ageing: Mice and mitochondria p357
It can be hard to work out whether particular events are a cause or a correlate of ageing — do mutations in mitochondrial DNA, for instance, speed up the process of growing old? Some clever studies suggest so.
George M. Martin and Lawrence A. Loeb
doi:10.1038/429357a
Geochemistry: Warm debate on early climate p359
Would Earth's early ocean have been a frozen wasteland had levels of atmospheric methane not been sky high? Maybe. Or maybe, according to a new view of an old idea, the main warming agent was carbon dioxide.
Timothy W. Lyons
doi:10.1038/429359a
News and views in brief p361
doi:10.1038/429361a
Brief Communications
Pigment chemistry: The red sweat of the hippopotamus p363
The red and orange pigments in this secretion account for its protective properties.
Yoko Saikawa, Kimiko Hashimoto, Masaya Nakata, Masato Yoshihara, Kiyoshi Nagai, Motoyasu Ida and Teruyuki Komiya
doi:10.1038/429363a
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (166K) | Supplementary information
Analysis
Quality assessment of the human genome sequence p365
Jeremy Schmutz, Jeremy Wheeler, Jane Grimwood, Mark Dickson, Joan Yang, Chenier Caoile, Eva Bajorek, Stacey Black, Yee Man Chan, Mirian Denys, Julio Escobar, Dave Flowers, Dea Fotopulos, Carmen Garcia, Maria Gomez, Eidelyn Gonzales, Lauren Haydu, Frederick Lopez, Lucia Ramirez, James Retterer, Alex Rodriguez, Stephanie Rogers, Angelica Salazar, Ming Tsai and Richard M. Myers
doi:10.1038/nature02390
Abstract | Full Text | PDF (142K) | Supplementary information
Articles
DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 9 p369
S. J. Humphray, K. Oliver, A. R. Hunt, R. W. Plumb, J. E. Loveland, K. L. Howe, T. D. Andrews, S. Searle, S. E. Hunt, C. E. Scott, M. C. Jones, R. Ainscough, J. P. Almeida, K. D. Ambrose, R. I. S. Ashwell, A. K. Babbage, S. Babbage, C. L. Bagguley, J. Bailey, R. Banerjee, D. J. Barker, K. F. Barlow, K. Bates, H. Beasley, O. Beasley, C. P. Bird, S. Bray-Allen, A. J. Brown, J. Y. Brown, D. Burford, W. Burrill, J. Burton, C. Carder, N. P. Carter, J. C. Chapman, Y. Chen, G. Clarke, S. Y. Clark, C. M. Clee, S. Clegg, R. E. Collier, N. Corby, M. Crosier, A. T. Cummings, J. Davies, P. Dhami, M. Dunn, I. Dutta, L. W. Dyer, M. E. Earthrowl, L. Faulkner, C. J. Fleming, A. Frankish, J. A. Frankland, L. French, D. G. Fricker, P. Garner, J. Garnett, J. Ghori, J. G. R. Gilbert, C. Glison, D. V. Grafham, S. Gribble, C. Griffiths, S. Griffiths-Jones, R. Grocock, J. Guy, R. E. Hall, S. Hammond, J. L. Harley, E. S. I. Harrison, E. A. Hart, P. D. Heath, C. D. Henderson, B. L. Hopkins, P. J. Howard, P. J. Howden, E. Huckle, C. Johnson, D. Johnson, A. A. Joy, M. Kay, S. Keenan, J. K. Kershaw, A. M. Kimberley, A. King, A. Knights, G. K. Laird, C. Langford, S. Lawlor, D. A. Leongamornlert, M. Leversha, C. Lloyd, D. M. Lloyd, J. Lovell, S. Martin, M. Mashreghi-Mohammadi, L. Matthews, S. McLaren, K. E. McLay, A. McMurray, S. Milne, T. Nickerson, J. Nisbett, G. Nordsiek, A. V. Pearce, A. I. Peck, K. M. Porter, R. Pandian, S. Pelan, B. Phillimore, S. Povey, Y. Ramsey, V. Rand, M. Scharfe, H. K. Sehra, R. Shownkeen, S. K. Sims, C. D. Skuce, M. Smith, C. A. Steward, D. Swarbreck, N. Sycamore, J. Tester, A. Thorpe, A. Tracey, A. Tromans, D. W. Thomas, M. Wall, J. M. Wallis, A. P. West, S. L. Whitehead, D. L. Willey, S. A. Williams, L. Wilming, P. W. Wray, L. Young, J. L. Ashurst, A. Coulson, H. Blöcker, R. Durbin, J. E. Sulston, T. Hubbard, M. J. Jackson, D. R. Bentley, S. Beck, J. Rogers and I. Dunham
doi:10.1038/nature02465
Abstract | Full Text | PDF (564K) | Supplementary information
The DNA sequence and comparative analysis of human chromosome 10 p375
P. Deloukas, M. E. Earthrowl, D. V. Grafham, M. Rubenfield, L. French, C. A. Steward, S. K. Sims, M. C. Jones, S. Searle, C. Scott, K. Howe, S. E. Hunt, T. D. Andrews, J. G. R. Gilbert, D. Swarbreck, J. L. Ashurst, A. Taylor, J. Battles, C. P. Bird, R. Ainscough, J. P. Almeida, R. I. S. Ashwell, K. D. Ambrose, A. K. Babbage, C. L. Bagguley, J. Bailey, R. Banerjee, K. Bates, H. Beasley, S. Bray-Allen, A. J. Brown, J. Y. Brown, D. C. Burford, W. Burrill, J. Burton, P. Cahill, D. Camire, N. P. Carter, J. C. Chapman, S. Y. Clark, G. Clarke, C. M. Clee, S. Clegg, N. Corby, A. Coulson, P. Dhami, I. Dutta, M. Dunn, L. Faulkner, A. Frankish, J. A. Frankland, P. Garner, J. Garnett, S. Gribble, C. Griffiths, R. Grocock, E. Gustafson, S. Hammond, J. L. Harley, E. Hart, P. D. Heath, T. P. Ho, B. Hopkins, J. Horne, P. J. Howden, E. Huckle, C. Hynds, C. Johnson, D. Johnson, A. Kana, M. Kay, A. M. Kimberley, J. K. Kershaw, M. Kokkinaki, G. K. Laird, S. Lawlor, H. M. Lee, D. A. Leongamornlert, G. Laird, C. Lloyd, D. M. Lloyd, J. Loveland, J. Lovell, S. McLaren, K. E. McLay, A. McMurray, M. Mashreghi-Mohammadi, L. Matthews, S. Milne, T. Nickerson, M. Nguyen, E. Overton-Larty, S. A. Palmer, A. V. Pearce, A. I. Peck, S. Pelan, B. Phillimore, K. Porter, C. M. Rice, A. Rogosin, M. T. Ross, T. Sarafidou, H. K. Sehra, R. Shownkeen, C. D. Skuce, M. Smith, L. Standring, N. Sycamore, J. Tester, A. Thorpe, W. Torcasso, A. Tracey, A. Tromans, J. Tsolas, M. Wall, J. Walsh, H. Wang, K. Weinstock, A. P. West, D. L. Willey, S. L. Whitehead, L. Wilming, P. W. Wray, L. Young, Y. Chen, R. C. Lovering, N. K. Moschonas, R. Siebert, K. Fechtel, D. Bentley, R. Durbin, T. Hubbard, L. Doucette-Stamm, S. Beck, D. R. Smith and J. Rogers
doi:10.1038/nature02462
Abstract | Full Text | PDF (306K) | Supplementary information
DNA sequence and comparative analysis of chimpanzee chromosome 22 p382
The International Chimpanzee Chromosome 22 Consortium
doi:10.1038/nature02564
Abstract | Full Text | PDF (544K) | Supplementary information
See also: News and Views by Weissenbach
Letters to Nature
Electron-hole symmetry in a semiconducting carbon nanotube quantum dot p389
Pablo Jarillo-Herrero, Sami Sapmaz, Cees Dekker, Leo P. Kouwenhoven and Herre S. J. van der Zant
doi:10.1038/nature02568
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (376K) | Supplementary information
Electric polarization reversal and memory in a multiferroic material induced by magnetic fields p392
N. Hur, S. Park, P. A. Sharma, J. S. Ahn, S. Guha and S-W. Cheong
doi:10.1038/nature02572
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (344K)
Evidence from massive siderite beds for a CO2-rich atmosphere before ~ 1.8 billion years ago p395
Hiroshi Ohmoto, Yumiko Watanabe and Kazumasa Kumazawa
doi:10.1038/nature02573
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (325K) | Supplementary information
Low electrical resistivity associated with plunging of the Nazca flat slab beneath Argentina p399
John R. Booker, Alicia Favetto and M. Cristina Pomposiello
doi:10.1038/nature02565
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (273K) | Supplementary information
See also: News and Views by Evans
Aldehyde suppression of copepod recruitment in blooms of a ubiquitous planktonic diatom p403
Adrianna Ianora, Antonio Miralto, Serge A. Poulet, Ylenia Carotenuto, Isabella Buttino, Giovanna Romano, Raffaella Casotti, Georg Pohnert, Thomas Wichard, Luca Colucci-D'Amato, Giuseppe Terrazzano and Victor Smetacek
doi:10.1038/nature02526
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (335K) | Supplementary information
Predator diversity dampens trophic cascades p407
Deborah L. Finke and Robert F. Denno
doi:10.1038/nature02554
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (208K)
Object-based attention determines dominance in binocular rivalry p410
Jude F. Mitchell, Gene R. Stoner and John H. Reynolds
doi:10.1038/nature02584
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (204K) | Supplementary information
VEGF delivery with retrogradely transported lentivector prolongs survival in a mouse ALS model p413
Mimoun Azzouz, G. Scott Ralph, Erik Storkebaum, Lucy E. Walmsley, Kyriacos A. Mitrophanous, Susan M. Kingsman, Peter Carmeliet and Nicholas D. Mazarakis
doi:10.1038/nature02544
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (322K) | Supplementary information
Premature ageing in mice expressing defective mitochondrial DNA polymerase p417
Aleksandra Trifunovic, Anna Wredenberg, Maria Falkenberg, Johannes N. Spelbrink, Anja T. Rovio, Carl E. Bruder, Mohammad Bohlooly-Y, Sebastian Gidlöf, Anders Oldfors, Rolf Wibom, Jan Törnell, Howard T. Jacobs and Nils-Göran Larsson
doi:10.1038/nature02517
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (528K) | Supplementary information
See also: News and Views by Martin & Loeb
An autonomous molecular computer for logical control of gene expression p423
Yaakov Benenson, Binyamin Gil, Uri Ben-Dor, Rivka Adar and Ehud Shapiro
doi:10.1038/nature02551
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (458K) | Supplementary information
See also: News and Views by Condon
Assembly and function of a bacterial genotoxin p429
Dragana Ne
i
,
Yun Hsu
and
C. Erec Stebbins
doi:10.1038/nature02532
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (458K) | Supplementary information
Human meiotic recombinase Dmc1 promotes ATP-dependent homologous DNA strand exchange p433
Michael G. Sehorn, Stefan Sigurdsson, Wendy Bussen, Vinzenz M. Unger and Patrick Sung
doi:10.1038/nature02563
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (313K) | Supplementary information
insight
introductionHuman genomics and medicine p439
Chris Gunter
doi:10.1038/429439a
overview
Genomes for medicine p440
David R. Bentley
doi:10.1038/nature02622
Abstract | Full Text | PDF (241K)
review article
Mapping complex disease loci in whole-genome association studies p446
Christopher S. Carlson, Michael A. Eberle, Leonid Kruglyak and Deborah A. Nickerson
doi:10.1038/nature02623
Abstract | Full Text | PDF (399K)
Predicting disease using genomics p453
John Bell
doi:10.1038/nature02624
Abstract | Full Text | PDF (276K)
Epigenetics in human disease and prospects for epigenetic therapy p457
Gerda Egger, Gangning Liang, Ana Aparicio and Peter A. Jones
doi:10.1038/nature02625
Abstract | Full Text | PDF (2,265K)
Moving towards individualized medicine with pharmacogenomics p464
William E. Evans and Mary V. Relling
doi:10.1038/nature02626
Abstract | Full Text | PDF (362K)
Oncogenomics and the development of new cancer therapies p469
Robert L. Strausberg, Andrew J.G. Simpson, Lloyd J. Old and Gregory J. Riggins
doi:10.1038/nature02627
Abstract | Full Text | PDF (5,856K)
commentary
The case for a US prospective cohort study of genes and environment p475
Francis S. Collins
doi:10.1038/nature02628
Abstract | Full Text | PDF (392K)
Organizational challenges in clinical genomic research p478
Jill S. Altshuler and David Altshuler
doi:10.1038/nature02629
Abstract | Full Text | PDF (270K)
Naturejobs
ProspectsBack to life p483
Paul Smaglik
doi:10.1038/nj6990-483a
Special Report
Taking a risk in start-ups p484
If you are planning to start your career by joining a biotech start-up, you will need to do some homework. Virginia Gewin assesses the risks involved.
Virginia Gewin
doi:10.1038/nj6990-484a
Career View
Graduate Journal: Wrapping things up p486
Tshaka Cunningham
doi:10.1038/nj6990-486a
Recruiters & industry p486
Joe Rodriguez
doi:10.1038/nj6990-486b
Movers p486
doi:10.1038/nj6990-486c