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Nature 427, 615-618 (12 February 2004) | doi:10.1038/nature02310;

Open Innovation Challenges

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A high-speed silicon optical modulator based on a metal|[ndash]|oxide|[ndash]|semiconductor capacitor

Silicon has long been the optimal material for electronics, but it is only relatively recently that it has been considered as a material option for photonics. One of the key limitations for using silicon as a photonic material has been the relatively low speed of silicon optical modulators compared to those fabricated from III–V semiconductor compounds and/or electro-optic materials such as lithium niobate.

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